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Lung Fixation under Constant Pressure for Evaluation of Emphysema in Mice
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Something special about CO-dependent CO2 fixation.

Joana C Xavier1, Martina Preiner1, William F Martin1,2

  • 1Institut für Molekulare Evolution, Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf, Germany.

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|September 22, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Wood-Ljungdahl pathway is the only linear CO2 fixation route in anaerobes, utilizing carbon monoxide (CO) as a key intermediate. This ancient pathway highlights CO

Keywords:
CODH/ACScarbon dioxidecarbon monoxideenzymatic reactionsmetabolic networks

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Metabolic Pathways
  • Astrobiology

Background:

  • Six carbon dioxide (CO2) fixation pathways exist, but only the Wood-Ljungdahl (WL) pathway is linear and exergonic for CO2 assimilation in anaerobic bacteria and archaea.
  • Carbon monoxide (CO) is a crucial, energy-rich intermediate in the WL pathway.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively survey biochemical databases for reactions involving CO and CO2.
  • To analyze the distribution, reversibility, cofactors, and taxonomic prevalence of CO2 and CO metabolic reactions.
  • To elucidate the ancient and essential role of CO in early metabolism.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic scanning of major biochemical reaction databases.
  • Identification and classification of enzyme commission (EC) numbers associated with CO and CO2 reactions.
  • Analysis of reaction properties including taxonomic distribution, physiological reversibility, cofactors, and prosthetic groups.

Main Results:

  • 415 CO2-associated reactions were identified, distributed non-randomly across various biochemical pathways.
  • Only 15 reaction classes involving CO were detected, primarily linked to two key enzymes: anaerobic and aerobic carbon monoxide dehydrogenases (CODH).
  • The CO-dependent reaction involving carbonyl insertion into acetyl-CoA synthase (ACS) appears mechanistically conserved since the origin of metabolism.

Conclusions:

  • CO plays a singular and ancient role in metabolism, interfacing with the carbon cycle through specific CODH enzymes.
  • The WL pathway's reliance on CO for CO2 fixation is a conserved mechanism, suggesting its fundamental importance in early life.
  • The limited number of CO-utilizing reactions underscores its specialized and critical function in ancient metabolic processes.