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Related Concept Videos

Quantum Numbers02:43

Quantum Numbers

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It is said that the energy of an electron in an atom is quantized; that is, it can be equal only to certain specific values and can jump from one energy level to another but not transition smoothly or stay between these levels.
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The Hall Effect01:30

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Edwin H. Hall, in the year 1879, devised an experiment that could be used to identify the polarity of the predominant charge carriers in a conducting material. From a historical perspective, this experiment was the first to demonstrate that the charge carriers in most metals are negative.
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Shortly after de Broglie published his ideas that the electron in a hydrogen atom could be better thought of as being a circular standing wave instead of a particle moving in quantized circular orbits, Erwin Schrödinger extended de Broglie’s work by deriving what is now known as the Schrödinger equation. When Schrödinger applied his equation to hydrogen-like atoms, he was able to reproduce Bohr’s expression for the energy and, thus, the Rydberg formula governing hydrogen spectra.
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NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

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The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

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Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
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Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

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In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
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Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators
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Noise-Induced Backscattering in a Quantum Spin Hall Edge.

Jukka I Väyrynen1, Dmitry I Pikulin1, Jason Alicea2,3

  • 1Station Q, Microsoft Research, Santa Barbara, California 93106-6105, USA.

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|September 22, 2018
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Incoherent electromagnetic noise can suppress quantum-spin-Hall conductance at finite temperatures. This study quantifies noise-induced corrections and proposes an experimental test for this novel backscattering mechanism.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed matter physics
  • Quantum transport phenomena

Background:

  • Time-reversal symmetry normally suppresses electron backscattering in quantum-spin-Hall edges, leading to quantized conductance at absolute zero.
  • Understanding deviations from quantized conductance at finite temperatures is crucial for experimental applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate a novel mechanism for conductance suppression caused by incoherent electromagnetic noise.
  • Quantify the impact of fluctuating electric potentials on electron backscattering and DC conductance.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical analysis of electron backscattering induced by time-dependent electric potentials.
  • Calculation of noise-induced corrections to DC conductance across different temperature regimes.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated that fluctuating electric potentials can cause inelastic electron backscattering, bypassing limitations of electron-electron interactions.
  • Quantified the specific corrections to DC conductance attributable to this noise-induced mechanism.

Conclusions:

  • Incoherent electromagnetic noise presents a significant, previously unconsidered, factor affecting quantum transport at finite temperatures.
  • Proposed an experimental framework to validate the role of noise-induced backscattering in quantum-spin-Hall systems.