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Related Concept Videos

Transcription Factors02:16

Transcription Factors

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Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
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Transcription01:10

Transcription

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Overview
Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in the proper synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA). Regulation of transcription is responsible for the differentiation of all the different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds...
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pre-mRNA Processing02:01

pre-mRNA Processing

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In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a “cap” to the 5’ end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5’ phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached to it (7-Methyl...
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The Ras Gene02:38

The Ras Gene

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The Ras-gene-encoded proteins are regulators of signaling pathways controlling cell proliferation, differentiation, or cell survival. The Ras-gene family in humans constitutes three primary members—the HRas, NRas, and KRas. These genes code for four functionally distinct yet closely related proteins—the HRas, NRas, KRas4A, and KRas4B. The involvement of mutant Ras genes in human cancer was first discovered in 1982 and is among the most common causes of human tumorigenesis.
Ras is a...
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Cardiomyopathy VII: Pre and Post Operative Nursing Management01:28

Cardiomyopathy VII: Pre and Post Operative Nursing Management

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Patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction who remain symptomatic despite optimal medical therapy may undergo a septal myectomy (Morrow procedure). This procedure involves excising a portion of the hypertrophied septum below the aortic valve using a heart-lung machine to improve blood flow through the LVOT. Effective preoperative and postoperative nursing management ensures successful patient outcomes, minimizes complications, and...
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The Eukaryotic Promoter Region02:40

The Eukaryotic Promoter Region

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The eukaryotic promoter region is a segment of DNA located upstream of a gene. It contains an RNA polymerase binding site, a transcription start site, and several cis-regulatory sequences.  The proximal promoter region is located in the vicinity of the gene and has cis-regulatory sequences and the core promoter. The core promoter is the binding site for RNA polymerase and is usually located between -35 and +35 nucleotides from the transcription start site. The distal promoter regions are...
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High-throughput Screening for Chemical Modulators of Post-transcriptionally Regulated Genes
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High-throughput Screening for Chemical Modulators of Post-transcriptionally Regulated Genes

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Ras Post-transcriptionally Enhances a Pre-malignantly Primed EMT to Promote Invasion.

Laura S Bisogno1, Matthew B Friedersdorf1, Jack D Keene1

  • 1Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.

Iscience
|September 22, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cancer progression involves epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) with intermediate stages. This study reveals Ras-induced invasion in primed cells occurs via post-transcriptional mechanisms, not mRNA changes.

Keywords:
Cancer Systems BiologyMolecular NetworkTranscriptomics

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Area of Science:

  • Cancer Biology
  • Cellular Signaling
  • Molecular Oncology

Background:

  • Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is crucial for cancer progression and involves multiple intermediate stages.
  • Understanding the stepwise mechanisms of EMT activation is vital for developing targeted cancer therapies.
  • Pre-malignant cells may possess a primed state, facilitating rapid malignant conversion upon oncogenic stimulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the molecular mechanisms coordinating stepwise malignancy during cancer progression.
  • To elucidate the role of post-transcriptional regulation in Ras-induced invasion.
  • To determine if pre-malignant cells are primed for malignant transformation.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a genetically defined model using primary cells, immortalization, and H-Ras transformation.
  • Quantification of messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein abundance changes during cellular transformation.
  • Analysis of correlations between mRNA and protein level alterations, focusing on EMT-associated proteins.

Main Results:

  • Immortalization induced significant mRNA and protein changes consistent with EMT, correlating well.
  • Ras transformation led to further decreases in adhesion and cytoskeletal proteins, but without corresponding mRNA changes.
  • Protein abundance changes post-transformation did not correlate with mRNA alterations, indicating post-transcriptional control.

Conclusions:

  • Ras oncogene drives EMT-associated invasion in primed pre-malignant cells through post-transcriptional mechanisms.
  • Cancer cells utilize post-transcriptional regulation to rapidly adapt and enhance invasive capabilities.
  • The findings highlight the importance of targeting post-transcriptional events in cancer therapy.