Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Constant Pressure Calorimetry03:02

Constant Pressure Calorimetry

Calorimetry is a technique used to measure the amount of heat involved in a chemical or physical process or to measure the heat transferred to or from a substance. The heat is exchanged with a calibrated and insulated device called the calorimeter. Calorimetry experiments are based on the assumption that there is no heat exchange between the insulated calorimeter and the external environment. The well-insulated calorimeters prevent the transfer of heat between the calorimeter and its external...
Buoyancy01:12

Buoyancy

When an object is placed in a fluid, it either floats or sinks. All objects in a fluid experience a buoyant force. For example, a metal ball sinks, while a rubber ball floats. Similarly, a submarine can sink and float by adjusting its buoyancy.  The concept of buoyancy raises several interesting questions. For instance, where does this buoyant force come from? How much buoyant force is required to make an object sink or float? Do objects that sink get any support at all from the fluid? 
To get...
Special considerations while measuring oxygen saturation01:19

Special considerations while measuring oxygen saturation

Assessing respiratory rate concurrently with pulse measurement is fundamental to patient care, providing valuable insights into the patient's respiratory function. The normal breathing rate for an adult usually falls within a normal range of 12 to 20 breaths per minute. Abnormal respiratory rates can signal underlying health conditions or the need for immediate intervention.
Ensuring accuracy in vital sign recordings while prioritizing patient comfort and minimizing anxiety is important. 
Oxygen Transport in the Blood01:27

Oxygen Transport in the Blood

Hemoglobin (Hb) is a crucial molecule in the human body, consisting of four polypeptide chains, each bound to an iron-containing heme group. This unique structure enables hemoglobin to bind to oxygen, with each molecule capable of combining with four molecules of oxygen, leading to rapid and reversible oxygen loading. When fully loaded with oxygen, it is called oxyhemoglobin, while hemoglobin that has released oxygen is called reduced hemoglobin or deoxyhemoglobin. As hemoglobin binds oxygen,...
Oxygen Delivering System II: Venturi Mask and Transtracheal Oxygen01:16

Oxygen Delivering System II: Venturi Mask and Transtracheal Oxygen

Oxygen therapy is a pivotal aspect of medical care, particularly for patients with respiratory ailments. Two prominent oxygen-delivering systems include the Venturi mask and the transtracheal oxygen catheter.
Venturi Mask
The Venturi mask, named after the Venturi effect, is designed to deliver precise oxygen concentrations. It consists of a large tube with an oxygen inlet that narrows down, causing a pressure drop that pulls air in through adjustable side ports. The mask is a lightweight,...
Buoyancy and Stability for Submerged and Floating Bodies01:11

Buoyancy and Stability for Submerged and Floating Bodies

In fluid mechanics, buoyancy and stability are key concepts for understanding the behavior of submerged and floating bodies. When a stationary body is fully or partially submerged in a fluid, the fluid exerts a force on the body known as the buoyant force. This force acts vertically upward through a point called the center of buoyancy, which is the center of the displaced fluid volume. According to Archimedes' principle, the magnitude of the buoyant force is equal to the weight of the fluid...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A Case of Dislocation and Successful Reduction of a Right Anterior Shoulder Inside a Space Suit: Considerations for Future Protocols.

Wilderness & environmental medicine·2026
Same author

Effects of hypoxia/hyperoxia exposure on immune function - results from a spacecraft-relevant hypobaric chamber study.

Frontiers in physiology·2025
Same author

Rodent Model for High Altitude and Ebullism Exposure Studies.

Aerospace medicine and human performance·2025
Same author

Layperson Physiological Tolerance and Operational Performance in Centrifuge-Simulated Spaceflight.

Aerospace medicine and human performance·2023
Same author

Mixoplankton and mixotrophy: future research priorities.

Journal of plankton research·2023
Same author

Disentangling the role of light and nutrient limitation on bacterivory by mixotrophic nanoflagellates.

Journal of phycology·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Whole-Body Nanoparticle Aerosol Inhalation Exposures
10:11

Whole-Body Nanoparticle Aerosol Inhalation Exposures

Published on: May 7, 2013

Oxygen exposures at NASA's Neutral Buoyancy Lab: a 20-year experience.

Shane C Walker1, Alejandro Garbino2, Kristi Ray3

  • 1School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California U.S.

Undersea & Hyperbaric Medicine : Journal of the Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society, Inc
|September 22, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Astronaut training dives using 46% nitrox exceed recommended oxygen limits without incident. This suggests current oxygen toxicity limits may be overly conservative for specific dive conditions.

Keywords:
NOAAoxygenoxygen exposureoxygen toxicity hyperoxiaoxygen toxicity limitsscuba

More Related Videos

Reduced-gravity Environment Hardware Demonstrations of a Prototype Miniaturized Flow Cytometer and Companion Microfluidic Mixing Technology
13:59

Reduced-gravity Environment Hardware Demonstrations of a Prototype Miniaturized Flow Cytometer and Companion Microfluidic Mixing Technology

Published on: November 13, 2014

Experimental Methods for Efficient Solar Hydrogen Production in Microgravity Environment
11:38

Experimental Methods for Efficient Solar Hydrogen Production in Microgravity Environment

Published on: December 3, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Whole-Body Nanoparticle Aerosol Inhalation Exposures
10:11

Whole-Body Nanoparticle Aerosol Inhalation Exposures

Published on: May 7, 2013

Reduced-gravity Environment Hardware Demonstrations of a Prototype Miniaturized Flow Cytometer and Companion Microfluidic Mixing Technology
13:59

Reduced-gravity Environment Hardware Demonstrations of a Prototype Miniaturized Flow Cytometer and Companion Microfluidic Mixing Technology

Published on: November 13, 2014

Experimental Methods for Efficient Solar Hydrogen Production in Microgravity Environment
11:38

Experimental Methods for Efficient Solar Hydrogen Production in Microgravity Environment

Published on: December 3, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Hyperbaric medicine
  • Aerospace physiology
  • Diving safety

Background:

  • Astronauts train for extravehicular activity (EVA) in pressurized suits underwater.
  • 46% nitrox mixture is used to prevent decompression sickness (DCS).
  • This mixture increases the risk of central nervous system oxygen toxicity (CNSOT).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the safety of current astronaut training dive protocols.
  • To assess if National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) CNSOT limits are overly conservative.
  • To provide evidence for expert discussion on dive-related oxygen toxicity.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of over 50,000 hours of astronaut training dives at NASA's Neutral Buoyancy Laboratory (NBL).
  • Review of dive profiles exceeding 0.9-1.1 ATA for over six hours.
  • Examination of oxygen exposure duration and pressure in relation to CNSOT limits.

Main Results:

  • No oxygen toxicity events occurred in 20 years of NBL training dives.
  • Training dive profiles routinely exceed NOAA CNSOT recommendations.
  • Data supports the hypothesis that NOAA limits may be conservative for NBL operational parameters.

Conclusions:

  • NBL training dive data challenges the applicability of current NOAA CNSOT limits.
  • Evidence suggests current limits may be overly conservative for specific hyperbaric exposures.
  • Further research can inform updated guidelines for dive-related oxygen toxicity.