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Substituents on the benzene ring that direct an incoming electrophile to undergo substitution at the meta position are called meta directors. All meta directors either have a positive charge on the atom directly bonded to the ring or a partial positive charge. These groups function by withdrawing electrons from the ring through inductive and resonance effects. Consider the carbocation intermediates formed upon the addition of an electrophile on nitrobenzene at the...
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Ortho–para directors are substituent groups attached to the benzene ring and direct the addition of an electrophile to the positions ortho or para to the substituent. All electron-donating groups are considered ortho–para directors. They donate electrons to the ring and make the ring more electron-rich. The ring is therefore susceptible to the addition of electrophiles. Substituents such as amino, hydroxy, or alkoxy, containing lone pairs on the atom adjacent to the ring, donate...
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Directional terms are essential for describing the relative locations of different body structures. For instance, an anatomist might describe one band of tissue as "inferior to" another, or a physician might describe a tumor as "superficial to" a deeper body structure. These terms often use comparative terms in pairs to trace out the relative locations of one body part to another or descriptions of body tissues like the deeper ones from superficially present with reference to...
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Directional relays, essential for managing unidirectional fault currents, enhance the safety and efficiency of power systems. On power lines equipped with directional relays, faults downstream (to the right) of the current transformer typically cause the fault current to lag the bus voltage by approximately 90 degrees, known as the forward direction. In contrast, upstream (left-side) faults may result in the fault current leading the bus voltage by nearly 90 degrees, termed the reverse...
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The direct motor pathways, also known as the pyramidal tracts, are a group of neural pathways that originate in the brain and descend through the spinal cord. They control the voluntary movement of the body. There are two major direct motor pathways: the corticospinal and the corticobulbar tracts.
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Deprescribing: Future directions for research.

Wade Thompson1, Emily Reeve2, Frank Moriarty3

  • 1Research Unit of General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, JB Winsløwsvej 9A, 5000C, Odense, Denmark.

Research in Social & Administrative Pharmacy : RSAP
|September 23, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Future deprescribing research priorities include long-term trials with patient outcomes, patient involvement, pharmacoeconomics, diverse populations, clinical management, and implementation strategies for guidelines.

Keywords:
DeprescribingGuidelinesPolypharmacyResearch

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Pharmacology
  • Health Services Research

Background:

  • Deprescribing aims to reduce medication burden and improve patient outcomes.
  • Evidence-based deprescribing guidelines are crucial for safe and effective medication management.
  • A symposium identified the need to establish future research priorities in deprescribing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore and identify key priorities for future deprescribing research.
  • To inform the development and implementation of deprescribing guidelines.
  • To guide future deprescribing studies and policy development.

Main Methods:

  • A World Café workshop was conducted with 30 participants including researchers, clinicians, policymakers, and stakeholders.
  • Group discussions focused on research priorities, outcome measures, and evaluation of deprescribing guidelines.
  • Key themes and priority areas were identified through collective discussion.

Main Results:

  • Six main priority areas for deprescribing research were identified.
  • Priorities include high-quality, long-term clinical trials measuring patient-important outcomes.
  • Other priorities encompass patient involvement, pharmacoeconomics, diverse populations, clinical management during deprescribing, and implementation strategies.

Conclusions:

  • The identified priorities represent a consensus among experts on critical areas for future deprescribing research.
  • These findings will guide the design and implementation of future deprescribing studies.
  • The results aim to stimulate discussion and inform granting agencies, policymakers, and researchers.