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A Novel Human Epithelial Enteroid Model of Necrotizing Enterocolitis
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A Novel Human Epithelial Enteroid Model of Necrotizing Enterocolitis

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Probiotics and the prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis

Mark A Underwood1

  • 1Division of Neonatology, University of California Davis, Ticon 2, Suite 253, 2516 Stockton Blvd, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.

Journal of Pediatric Surgery
|September 23, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Probiotics show strong evidence for preventing necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in premature infants, especially when combined with breast milk. Careful review of risks and benefits with parents is recommended.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Microbiome Research
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Premature infants have immature immune systems and altered gut microbiomes, contributing to necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) development.
  • Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a serious gastrointestinal condition affecting vulnerable newborns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of probiotics in preventing NEC in premature infants.
  • To synthesize evidence from preclinical and clinical studies on probiotic use for NEC prevention.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of animal studies, randomized controlled trials, observational cohort studies, and meta-analyses.
  • Analysis of preclinical data and clinical trial results on probiotic administration for NEC prevention.

Main Results:

  • Probiotics modulate the gut microbiome, reduce inflammation, and decrease intestinal permeability in animal models, lowering NEC incidence and severity.
  • Clinical studies demonstrate that probiotics significantly reduce the risk of NEC, mortality, and sepsis in premature infants.

Conclusions:

  • Combination probiotics are strongly supported for preventing NEC in breastfed premature infants.
  • Informed discussion with parents regarding the risks and benefits of probiotic use is crucial.
Abstract

Keywords:
BifidobacteriumLactobacillusNecrotizing enterocolitisProbiotic

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