Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Kinematic Equations - I01:26

Kinematic Equations - I

15.8K
When an object moves with constant acceleration, the velocity of the object changes at a constant rate throughout the motion. The kinematic equations of motions are derived for such cases where the acceleration of the object is constant. The first kinematic equation gives an insight into the relationship between velocity, acceleration, and time. We can see, for example:
15.8K
Kinematic Equations - II01:17

Kinematic Equations - II

14.3K
The second kinematic equation expresses the final position of an object in terms of its initial position, the distance traveled with the initial constant velocity, and the distance traveled due to a change in velocity. Similar to the first kinematic equation, this equation is also only valid when the acceleration is constant throughout the motion of an object.
Suppose a car merges into freeway traffic on a 200 m long ramp. If its initial velocity is 10 m/s and it accelerates at 2 m/s2, then the...
14.3K
Electron Transport Chains01:28

Electron Transport Chains

112.4K
The final stage of cellular respiration is oxidative phosphorylation that consists of two steps: the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis. The electron transport chain is a set of proteins found in the inner mitochondrial membrane in eukaryotic cells. Its primary function is to establish a proton gradient that can be used during chemiosmosis to produce ATP and generate electron carriers, such as NAD+ and FAD, that are used in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle.
The ETC is comprised of...
112.4K
Kinematic Equations for Rotation01:30

Kinematic Equations for Rotation

819
In mechanics, when one observes a rigid body in rotational motion with constant angular acceleration, it is possible to establish equations for its rotational kinematics. This process resembles how linear kinematics are dealt with in simpler motion studies.
For instance, imagine a point A on a rigid body engaged in circular motion. The translational velocity of this particular point can be calculated by taking the time derivatives of the displacement equation, which essentially measures the...
819
Energy to Drive Translocation01:37

Energy to Drive Translocation

2.8K
Mitochondrial protein import is powered by two distinct energy sources: ATP hydrolysis and electrochemical potential across the inner membrane. Newly synthesized precursors are bound by cytosolic chaperones of the Hsp70 family, which guide them to the import receptors on the mitochondrial surface. Utilizing the energy of ATP hydrolysis, Hsp70 chaperones transfer these precursors to the TOM receptors on the mitochondrial outer membrane.
Generally, polypeptides are unfolded by two distinct...
2.8K
Anatomical Movements00:51

Anatomical Movements

15.8K
Anatomical movements refer to the various actions or motions that can be performed by the body's joints and muscles. These movements are described using specific terms to provide a standardized way of discussing and understanding the range of motion at different joints.
Here are some common anatomical movements:
Flexion and extension motions are in the sagittal (anterior–posterior) plane of motion. These movements take place at the shoulder, hip, elbow, knee, wrist,...
15.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Superficial Ventral Premotor Pathways to Primary Motor Cortex Shape the Temporal Coordination of Precision Grasping.

The European journal of neuroscience·2026
Same author

False but phonologically plausible linguistic priors induce cross-linguistic auditory illusions and attenuate electrophysiological markers of surprise.

Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)·2026
Same author

Harnessing Uncertainty: Improvisation as a Model for Rapid Behavioral Expansion.

Cognitive science·2026
Same author

Understanding patient experience during Lokomat rehabilitation in children and adolescents: a clinical observational study combining self-evaluation and physiological metrics.

BMJ open·2026
Same author

Alpha and Beta Corticomotor Phase Dynamics Shape Visuomotor Control on a Single-Trial Basis.

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience·2026
Same author

Action Observation Training for Upper Limb Stroke Rehabilitation: A Pilot Study on the Role of Attention.

Journal of clinical medicine·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Measuring the Kinematics of Daily Living Movements with Motion Capture Systems in Virtual Reality
08:45

Measuring the Kinematics of Daily Living Movements with Motion Capture Systems in Virtual Reality

Published on: April 5, 2018

8.0K

Movement kinematics drive chain selection toward intention detection.

Marco Soriano1,2, Andrea Cavallo1,2, Alessandro D'Ausilio3,4

  • 1Department of Psychology, Università di Torino, 10123 Torino, Italy.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|September 23, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Understanding intentions from observed movements relies on motor chaining. Subtle grasp kinematics, not just context, help observers select the correct motor chain and infer the agent's goal, like drinking or pouring.

Keywords:
action observationintention understandingkinematicsmotor chain selectiontranscranial magnetic stimulation

More Related Videos

Measurement of Dynamic Scapular Kinematics Using an Acromion Marker Cluster to Minimize Skin Movement Artifact
10:07

Measurement of Dynamic Scapular Kinematics Using an Acromion Marker Cluster to Minimize Skin Movement Artifact

Published on: February 10, 2015

20.0K
An Inertial Measurement Unit Based Method to Estimate Hip and Knee Joint Kinematics in Team Sport Athletes on the Field
06:52

An Inertial Measurement Unit Based Method to Estimate Hip and Knee Joint Kinematics in Team Sport Athletes on the Field

Published on: May 26, 2020

8.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Measuring the Kinematics of Daily Living Movements with Motion Capture Systems in Virtual Reality
08:45

Measuring the Kinematics of Daily Living Movements with Motion Capture Systems in Virtual Reality

Published on: April 5, 2018

8.0K
Measurement of Dynamic Scapular Kinematics Using an Acromion Marker Cluster to Minimize Skin Movement Artifact
10:07

Measurement of Dynamic Scapular Kinematics Using an Acromion Marker Cluster to Minimize Skin Movement Artifact

Published on: February 10, 2015

20.0K
An Inertial Measurement Unit Based Method to Estimate Hip and Knee Joint Kinematics in Team Sport Athletes on the Field
06:52

An Inertial Measurement Unit Based Method to Estimate Hip and Knee Joint Kinematics in Team Sport Athletes on the Field

Published on: May 26, 2020

8.6K

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Motor Control
  • Social Cognition

Background:

  • Human interaction relies on understanding intentions from observed actions.
  • The motor chaining mechanism links observed actions to inferred intentions.
  • Mechanisms for selecting specific motor chains during observation are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if kinematic variations in observed grasps guide motor chain selection.
  • To determine if subtle movement features predict the inferred intention.
  • To explore the role of anticipatory muscle activation in intention recognition.

Main Methods:

  • Electromyography (EMG) of the mylohyoid (MH) muscle during grasping.
  • Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to measure MH corticobulbar excitability.
  • Kinematic modeling of reach-to-grasp actions during execution and observation.

Main Results:

  • MH-related corticobulbar excitability varied with observed grasp kinematics and inferred goal (drinking vs. pouring).
  • Anticipatory MH muscle activation was observed during the execution and observation of sequential grasping tasks.
  • Subtle kinematic cues in observed grasps influenced the selection of the most probable motor chain.

Conclusions:

  • Movement kinematics play a crucial role in selecting motor chains and inferring intentions.
  • The brain uses subtle kinematic information to predict and understand others' goals.
  • This research sheds light on the predictive mechanisms underlying social cognition and intention understanding.