Assessing Head/Neck Dynamic Response to Head Perturbation: A Systematic Review

Area of Science:

• Biomechanics of head and neck injuries
• Sports medicine and concussion research

Background:

• Head/neck dynamic response to perturbation is a proposed risk factor for sports-related concussion.
• Understanding this response is key to developing effective concussion prevention strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review methodologies used to assess head/neck dynamic response to perturbation.
• To report on the magnitude, validity, and reliability of these responses.
• To identify factors that modify head/neck dynamic responses.

Main Methods:

• A systematic literature search was conducted across multiple databases.
• Nineteen articles were included based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria.
• Data extraction focused on perturbation methods, response magnitudes, validity, reliability, and modifying factors.

Main Results:

• Perturbation methods included load dropping, quick release, and direct impact, with energies ranging from 0.1 to 11.8 J.
• Reported responses included neck muscle latency (18.6-88.0 ms), neck stiffness (147.2-721.9 N/rad, 14-1145.3 Nm/rad), and head acceleration (0.2-3.8 g).
• Modifying factors identified were participant age and sex, and impact anticipation/bracing.

Conclusions:

• Significant methodological variations limit direct comparison of head/neck dynamic response data.
• Future research should standardize impact magnitude and reporting, including transmitted force, muscle latency, accelerations, and stiffness.
• Participant factors (age, sex) and anticipation significantly influence head/neck responses and must be considered.