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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 4, 2026

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Recent advances in graphene-based biosensor technology with applications in life sciences.

Janire Peña-Bahamonde1, Hang N Nguyen1, Sofia K Fanourakis1

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Journal of Nanobiotechnology
|September 24, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Graphene-based biosensors offer high sensitivity and selectivity for detecting diseases and pathogens. Immobilizing biomolecules like antibodies and DNA on graphene platforms enables early diagnosis and improved patient care in medicine.

Keywords:
AntibodyDNADetectionEnzymeGrapheneGraphene oxideNano-biosensorsPathogens

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Biotechnology
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Graphene's unique properties (electrical, chemical, physical) make it suitable for advanced sensor technologies.
  • Novel sensing platforms utilize pristine and modified graphene, often incorporating nanoparticles and polymers.
  • Biomolecules such as antibodies, DNA, and enzymes are immobilized on graphene for biosensor development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review research on graphene-based biosensors utilizing antibodies, DNA, and enzymes.
  • To highlight strategies for immobilizing biomolecules on graphene scaffolds.
  • To discuss the application of these biosensors in disease detection and medical diagnostics.

Main Methods:

  • Covalent bonding (e.g., EDC/NHS reactions) and physisorption are key strategies for attaching biomolecules to graphene.
  • Electrochemical detection is the most common method due to its simplicity, speed, and sensitivity.
  • Graphene derivatives serve as scaffolds for creating effective biosensing platforms.

Main Results:

  • Graphene-based biosensors demonstrate high sensitivity and selectivity for detecting various targets.
  • Immobilization of antibodies, DNA, and enzymes on graphene enhances biosensor performance.
  • Electrochemical detection methods provide rapid and reliable results.

Conclusions:

  • Graphene scaffolds are effective for developing advanced biosensors.
  • These biosensors hold significant potential for early disease diagnosis and pathogen detection in clinical practice.
  • Graphene-based biosensors can significantly improve patient care through enhanced diagnostic capabilities.