Intracellular Macromolecules in Cell Volume Control and Methods of Their Quantification
Michael A Model1, Jonathan C Petruccelli2
1Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States.
Current Topics in Membranes
|September 24, 2018
Summary
This review highlights the crucial role of cellular macromolecules in cell volume regulation, moving beyond traditional focus on ions and small molecules. Quantitative phase imaging offers advanced methods for measuring macromolecular concentration, providing insights into cell biology.
Area of Science:
- Cell Biology
- Biophysics
Background:
- Traditional cell volume regulation theories emphasize monovalent ions and small organic osmolytes.
- The contribution of intracellular macromolecular content to cell volume regulation is often overlooked.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the significance of cellular macromolecules in cell volume regulation.
- To explore quantitative methods for measuring intracellular macromolecular concentration.
- To discuss biological applications of macromolecular concentration analysis.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on cell volume regulation and macromolecules.
- Detailed examination of quantitative phase imaging techniques based on transmission light microscopy.
- Discussion of various methods for measuring intracellular macromolecular concentration.
Main Results:
- Cellular macromolecules play a significant role in cell volume regulation.
- Quantitative phase imaging provides powerful tools for assessing intracellular macromolecular content.
- Analysis of macromolecular concentration offers insights into organelle biology, cell volume maintenance, and apoptosis.
Conclusions:
- Understanding macromolecular content is essential for a comprehensive view of cell volume regulation.
- Advanced imaging techniques enable precise quantification of intracellular components.
- This approach has broad implications for studying fundamental biological processes.
Related Concept Videos
01:16Control Volume and System Representations
1.6K
Two key frameworks are employed to analyze mass, energy, and momentum transfer: the control volume approach and the system approach. These frameworks offer different perspectives, depending on whether the focus is on a specific region in space (control volume approach) or a defined mass of fluid (system approach).
The control volume approach considers a stationary region in space through which fluid flows. This region is bounded by a control surface. For instance, in the case of water...
The control volume approach considers a stationary region in space through which fluid flows. This region is bounded by a control surface. For instance, in the case of water...
1.6K
01:13Linear Momentum in Control Volume
1.3K
Newton's second law is applied to obtain the linear momentum in a control volume in a fluid system. According to this law, the rate of change of linear momentum is equal to the sum of external forces acting on the system. When a control volume matches the fluid system at a specific moment, the forces acting on both are identical. Reynolds transport theorem helps explain this by breaking down the system's linear momentum into two components: the rate of change of linear momentum within...
1.3K
01:14Conservation of Energy in Control Volume
1.1K
Consider a turbine operating under steady-flow conditions. The control volume is drawn around the turbine, with fluid entering at one point and exiting at another. The turbine extracts energy from the fluid, which performs mechanical work (shaft work).
For steady flow systems, the time derivative of the stored energy becomes zero since there is no energy accumulation within the control volume. This simplifies the energy equation to:
For steady flow systems, the time derivative of the stored energy becomes zero since there is no energy accumulation within the control volume. This simplifies the energy equation to:
1.1K
01:07Conservation of Mass in Fixed, Nondeforming Control Volume
1.6K
The principle of conservation of mass is fundamental in fluid dynamics and is crucial for analyzing flow within fixed control volumes, such as pipes or ducts. This principle states that the total mass within a control volume remains constant unless altered by the inflow or outflow of mass through the control surfaces. This results in a vital relationship for steady, incompressible flow where the mass entering a system equals the mass leaving it.
In the case of a sewer pipe, which can be modeled...
In the case of a sewer pipe, which can be modeled...
1.6K
01:14Conservation of Mass in Moving, Nondeforming Control Volume
1.3K
Stormwater detention basins are essential in managing runoff during heavy rainfall, particularly in urban areas where impervious surfaces increase the risk of flooding. Understanding the conservation of mass in these systems allows engineers to optimize basin performance, balancing inflow, outflow, and water storage.
In the context of a detention basin, the conservation of mass states that the total mass of water entering the basin must equal the mass leaving the basin plus any accumulation of...
In the context of a detention basin, the conservation of mass states that the total mass of water entering the basin must equal the mass leaving the basin plus any accumulation of...
1.3K
01:22Birth Control Methods
6.8K
Vasectomy is a surgical form of male sterilization that involves severing and sealing the vasa deferentia, preventing sperm from mixing with semen during ejaculation. Because a vasectomy does not impact the testes' ability to produce testosterone, hormone levels, libido, and sexual function generally remain unchanged. While vasectomy is highly effective in preventing pregnancy, with a success rate near 99.85%, rare cases of recanalization (spontaneous reconnection) can occur. Although...
6.8K