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Related Concept Videos

Functions of Smooth Muscles01:23

Functions of Smooth Muscles

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Smooth muscles are an important type of muscle tissue that plays a vital role in the involuntary movements of internal organs. For example, they help regulate the movement of food through the gut and the flow of blood through the circulatory system.
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When an object moves with constant acceleration, the velocity of the object changes at a constant rate throughout the motion. The kinematic equations of motions are derived for such cases where the acceleration of the object is constant. The first kinematic equation gives an insight into the relationship between velocity, acceleration, and time. We can see, for example:
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Kinematic Equations - II01:17

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The second kinematic equation expresses the final position of an object in terms of its initial position, the distance traveled with the initial constant velocity, and the distance traveled due to a change in velocity. Similar to the first kinematic equation, this equation is also only valid when the acceleration is constant throughout the motion of an object.
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Skeletal muscles continuously produce ATP to provide the energy that enables muscle contractions. Skeletal muscle fibers can be categorized into three types based on differences in their contraction speed and how they produce ATP, as well as physical differences related to these factors. Most human muscles contain all three muscle fiber types, albeit in varying proportions.
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Kinematics and Ground Reaction Force Determination: A Demonstration Quantifying Locomotor Abilities of Young Adult, Middle-aged, and Geriatric Rats
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Using a cost function based on kinematics and electromyographic data to quantify muscle forces.

J Wen1, M Raison1, S Achiche2

  • 1Mechanical Engineering Department, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, Canada; Rehabilitation Engineering Chair Applied to Pediatrics (RECAP), Polytechnique Montreal and Ste-Justine UHC, Canada.

Journal of Biomechanics
|September 24, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a new cost function using kinematic and electromyographic data to quantify human muscle forces, improving physiological coherence and prediction accuracy over existing models.

Keywords:
Co-contractionEMGElbow jointKriging methodMuscle forcesOptimizationUpper limb

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Human Physiology
  • Computational Modeling

Background:

  • Accurate human muscle force evaluation is crucial for clinical and research applications.
  • Existing models like Crowninshield's have limitations in physiological coherence and co-contraction prediction.
  • Electromyography (EMG)-driven models are complex and require pre-test calibration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose the first cost function integrating kinematic and electromyographic data for muscle force quantification.
  • To enhance physiological coherence and usability in muscle force modeling.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a novel cost function combining kinematic and EMG data.
  • Application of the cost function to upper limb motion data from 17 subjects (healthy and with cerebral palsy).

Main Results:

  • The proposed model demonstrated 17.74% greater coherence with EMG patterns compared to Crowninshield's model.
  • Results showed consistent performance across healthy and cerebral palsy subjects.

Conclusions:

  • The novel cost function offers a more physiologically coherent and accurate method for quantifying muscle forces.
  • This approach provides a more user-friendly alternative to existing complex models.