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Related Concept Videos

Phase Transitions02:31

Phase Transitions

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Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to...
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Transition metals are defined as those elements that have partially filled d orbitals. As shown in Figure 1, the d-block elements in groups 3–12 are transition elements. The f-block elements, also called inner transition metals (the lanthanides and actinides), also meet this criterion because the d orbital is partially occupied before the f orbitals.
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Cooperative allosteric transitions can occur in multimeric proteins, where each subunit of the protein has its own ligand-binding site. When a ligand binds to any of these subunits, it triggers a conformational change that affects the binding sites in the other subunits; this can change the affinity of the other sites for their respective ligands. The ability of the protein to change the shape of its binding site is attributed to the presence of a mix of flexible and stable segments in the...
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Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation02:39

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The physical form of a substance changes on changing its temperature. For example, raising the temperature of a liquid causes the liquid to vaporize (convert into vapor). The process is called vaporization—a surface phenomenon. Vaporization occurs when the thermal motion of the molecules overcome the intermolecular forces, and the molecules (at the surface) escape into the gaseous state. When a liquid vaporizes in a closed container, gas molecules cannot escape. As these gas phase molecules...
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Induction and Analysis of Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition
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Mesothelial-mesenchymal transitions in embryogenesis.

Rita Carmona1, Laura Ariza1, Elena Cano2

  • 1Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga (Spain) and Andalusian Center for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology (BIONAND), Malaga, Spain.

Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology
|September 24, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Embryonic mesothelium transforms into mesenchymal cells, essential for organ development and function. This review explores mesothelial-mesenchymal transition, cell fate, and roles in organogenesis and asymmetry.

Keywords:
Coelomic epitheliumEpithelial-mesenchymal transitionMesotheliumOrganogenesis

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental biology
  • Cell biology
  • Regenerative medicine

Background:

  • The mesothelium is an epithelial cell layer lining coelomic cavities in most animals.
  • Embryonic mesothelial cells undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) to become mesenchymal cells.
  • These cells are crucial for forming connective and vascular tissues in developing organs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review mechanisms regulating embryonic mesothelial-EMT.
  • To discuss the developmental fate of mesothelial-derived cells.
  • To explore other functions of embryonic mesothelium in development.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of developmental biology studies.
  • Analysis of research on cell differentiation and tissue formation.
  • Synthesis of findings on mesothelial roles in organogenesis.

Main Results:

  • Embryonic mesothelium is a source of mesenchymal cells contributing to diverse tissues.
  • Mesothelial-derived cells and signals are vital for visceral morphogenesis.
  • The mesothelium influences left-right asymmetry and limb development.

Conclusions:

  • Embryonic mesothelial-EMT is a key developmental process.
  • Mesothelial cells have multifaceted roles beyond lining cavities.
  • Understanding these processes is crucial for developmental biology and regenerative medicine.