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Related Concept Videos

Volume of Distribution01:20

Volume of Distribution

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The apparent volume of distribution (Vd) is a crucial pharmacokinetic parameter representing the hypothetical body fluid volume into which a drug disperses. It is calculated based on the total amount of drug in the body (estimated from the administered dose and bioavailability) divided by the plasma drug concentration. The total amount of drug in the body does not directly refer to the dose given but is derived by accounting for absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion processes.
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Distributed Loads01:19

Distributed Loads

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Distributed loads are a common type of load that engineers and scientists encounter in various practical situations. Distributed loads often refer to a type of load spread over a surface or a structure and can be modeled as continuous force per unit area.
For example, consider a bookshelf filled with books stacked vertically adjacent to each other. The weight of the books is evenly distributed over the length of the shelf. As a result, the pressure at different locations on the surface of the...
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Drug Distribution: Volume of Distribution01:25

Drug Distribution: Volume of Distribution

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The volume of distribution refers to the theoretical volume necessary to contain the entire amount of an administered drug at the same concentration observed in the blood plasma. The body's intracellular fluid compartment, which makes up two-thirds of the total body water, is contrasted with the extracellular fluid compartment—comprising plasma and interstitial fluid—that accounts for one-third. The volume of distribution can vary depending on the characteristics of the drug.
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Distributed Loads: Problem Solving01:21

Distributed Loads: Problem Solving

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Beams are structural elements commonly employed in engineering applications requiring different load-carrying capacities. The first step in analyzing a beam under a distributed load is to simplify the problem by dividing the load into smaller regions, which allows one to consider each region separately and calculate the magnitude of the equivalent resultant load acting on each portion of the beam. The magnitude of the equivalent resultant load for each region can be determined by calculating...
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Resultant of a General Distributed Loading01:13

Resultant of a General Distributed Loading

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While designing structures exposed to non-uniform loads, it is crucial to consider the resultant force and its location. This resultant force is a single vector representing the net force applied due to the distributed load.
Examples such as load distribution due to wind and load distribution on a bridge illustrate how this concept is used to analyze and design safe, reliable structures under variable loading conditions. Most structures, such as residential buildings, bridges, and towers, are...
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Normal Strain under Axial Loading01:20

Normal Strain under Axial Loading

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Normal strain under axial loading is an important concept in the field of mechanics of materials. Axial loading implies the application of a force along the axis of a material, like a column or bar. This force can either compress or stretch the material. In the context of axial loading, normal strain is the deformation experienced by the material in the direction of the loading force. It's calculated as the change in length divided by the original length of the material. This unitless ratio...
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Intermediate Strain Rate Material Characterization with Digital Image Correlation
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Variability in strain distribution in the mice tibia loading model: A preliminary study using digital volume

M Giorgi1, E Dall'Ara2

  • 1Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, University of Sheffield, UK; INSIGNEO Institute for in Silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, UK; Certara QSP, Certara UK Limited, Simcyp Division, Sheffield, UK.

Medical Engineering & Physics
|September 24, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Precise mechanical loading of mouse tibiae is crucial for bone adaptation studies. Repositioning the hind-limb significantly alters strain distribution, impacting experimental results and requiring careful consideration in biomechanical modeling.

Keywords:
Digital volume correlation (DVC)Ex vivo µCTIn situ µCTIn vivo µCTMouse tibiaStrain variabilitymicroCT

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Skeletal Biology
  • Biomaterials

Background:

  • Bone exhibits remarkable adaptation to mechanical loading.
  • In vivo mouse tibia studies use cyclic compression to investigate mechanical stimuli effects.
  • Hind-limb positioning in loading setups can significantly alter tibial strain distribution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate full-field strain distribution in mouse tibiae using in vivo setups.
  • Evaluate the precision of the digital volume correlation (DVC) method.
  • Assess the impact of hind-limb repositioning on strain distribution.

Main Methods:

  • Combined in situ compressive testing, micro-computed tomography (µCT) scanning, and global digital volume correlation (DVC).
  • Evaluated DVC precision and effect of repositioning on strain distributions.
  • Analyzed strain uncertainties for loaded tibiae and variability after repositioning.

Main Results:

  • DVC approach showed acceptable uncertainties (411 ± 58 µɛ) for loaded tibiae at ~50 voxel spacing (520 µm).
  • Low variability in strain distribution was observed when registering preloaded and loaded images.
  • Repositioning the hind-limb induced significantly larger differences in principal strain distributions (2500–5500 µɛ).

Conclusions:

  • The DVC approach is precise enough for evaluating local strain distributions in mouse tibiae under load.
  • Hind-limb repositioning introduces substantial variability in strain distribution, necessitating careful control in experimental setups.
  • Accurate positioning is critical for reliable biomechanical modeling of the mouse tibia loading system.