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Related Concept Videos

Tonicity in Animals00:59

Tonicity in Animals

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The tonicity of a solution determines if a cell gains or loses water in that solution. The tonicity depends on the permeability of the cell membrane for different solutes and the concentration of nonpenetrating solutes in the solution within and outside of the cell. If a semipermeable membrane hinders the passage of some solutes but allows water to follow its concentration gradient, water moves from the side with low osmolarity (i.e., less solute) to the side with higher osmolarity (i.e.,...
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Tonicity describes the amount of solute in a solution. The measure of the tonicity of a solution, or the total amount of solutes dissolved in a specific amount of solution, is called its osmolarity. Three terms—hypotonic, isotonic, and hypertonic—are used to relate the osmolarity of a cell to the osmolarity of the extracellular fluid that contains the cells. In a hypotonic solution, such as tap water, the extracellular fluid has a lower concentration of solutes than the fluid inside...
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Among all the organelles in an animal cell, only mitochondria have their own independent genomes. Animal mitochondrial DNA is a double-stranded, closed-circular molecule with around 20,000 base pairs. Mitochondrial DNA is unique in that one of its two strands, the heavy, or H, -strand is guanine rich, whereas the complementary strand is cytosine rich and called the light, or L, -strand. Compared to nuclear DNA, mitochondrial DNA has a very low percentage of non-coding regions and is marked by...
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Animal and plant cells not only differ in their structure, function, and mode of nutrition but also in how they reproduce, specialize, and organize into complex structures.
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Physical models representing molecular architectures of chemical compounds play essential roles in understanding chemistry. The use of molecular models makes it easier to visualize the structures and shapes of atoms and molecules.
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Following the work of Ernest Rutherford and his colleagues in the early twentieth century, the picture of atoms consisting of tiny dense nuclei surrounded by lighter and even tinier electrons continually moving about the nucleus was well established. This picture was called the planetary model since it pictured the atom as a miniature “solar system” with the electrons orbiting the nucleus like planets orbiting the sun. The simplest atom is hydrogen, consisting of a single proton as the...
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Computer-Generated Animal Model Stimuli
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Animal Models of Vasculitis.

M Mogi1, Shuang Liu2

  • 1Department of Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan. mmogi@m.ehime-u.ac.jp.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|September 24, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Rheumatoid arthritis vasculitis poses a significant mortality risk. This study introduces a novel animal model using Candida albicans water-soluble (CAWS) glycoprotein to investigate vasculitis pathogenesis and evaluate inflammatory vascular changes.

Keywords:
Candida albicans water-soluble glycoproteinImmune responseInflammatory vascular changeVasculitis

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Rheumatology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease often complicated by vasculitis.
  • Rheumatoid vasculitis (RV) significantly increases patient mortality.
  • Understanding RV pathogenesis is crucial for developing effective treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel animal model for studying rheumatoid vasculitis.
  • To establish a methodological approach for evaluating inflammatory vascular changes in this model.

Main Methods:

  • Induction of vasculitis using a Candida albicans water-soluble (CAWS) glycoprotein preparation.
  • Development of techniques to assess inflammatory vascular alterations.

Main Results:

  • Successfully established a CAWS glycoprotein-induced vasculitis model in animals.
  • Demonstrated a viable methodological approach for evaluating vascular inflammation.

Conclusions:

  • The CAWS glycoprotein-induced vasculitis model provides a valuable tool for RV research.
  • This model facilitates the study of RV pathogenesis and potential therapeutic interventions.