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Alpha oscillations reveal implicit visual processing of motion in hemianopia.

Paolo A Grasso1, Mattia Pietrelli1, Marco Zanon1

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; CsrNC, Centre for Studies and Research in Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy.

Cortex; a Journal Devoted to the Study of the Nervous System and Behavior
|September 25, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Hemianopic patients without blindsight can implicitly process motion stimuli in their blind field, indicated by specific alpha-band EEG activity. This suggests unconscious visual processing is localized, unlike conscious processing which involves broader brain activity.

Keywords:
HemianopiaImplicit visual processingMotionVisual awareness

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Visual Perception
  • Electrophysiology

Background:

  • Lesions to the primary visual cortex cause hemianopia, resulting in loss of conscious vision.
  • The colliculo-extrastriate pathway may allow for unconscious processing of visual stimuli.
  • The dorsal-extrastriate pathway is implicated in motion processing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if hemianopic patients without blindsight can implicitly process motion stimuli.
  • To differentiate electrophysiological patterns of conscious versus unconscious visual processing.

Main Methods:

  • Electroencephalogram (EEG) recorded from hemianopic patients.
  • Presentation of motion, static, or no stimuli in intact and blind visual fields.
  • Time-frequency domain analysis of EEG data.

Main Results:

  • Motion stimuli in the blind field elicited greater alpha-band desynchronization over posterior parietal-occipital electrodes compared to static stimuli or blank conditions.
  • This effect was observed in a late time window (500-800 ms) in the lesioned hemisphere.
  • Conscious processing (stimuli in the intact field) involved theta, alpha, and beta band changes.

Conclusions:

  • Hemianopic patients can implicitly process motion stimuli via the dorsal pathway in the absence of awareness.
  • Unconscious visual processing is characterized by localized alpha-band activity.
  • Conscious visual processing involves broader, multi-frequency band activity across cortical areas.