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Metasurface-based multi-harmonic free-electron light source.

Gilles Rosolen1,2, Liang Jie Wong3, Nicholas Rivera1

  • 11Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.

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Metasurfaces can generate high-frequency X-rays from free electrons. This breakthrough enables compact, tunable multicolor hard X-ray sources for diverse scientific and industrial applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Optics and Photonics
  • Materials Science
  • Quantum Electronics

Background:

  • Metasurfaces are engineered optical materials with subwavelength structures.
  • Typically used for far-field applications like wavefront control.
  • Their near-field potential for high-frequency light generation is underexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate metasurface near-field for free electron high-frequency light generation.
  • Explore generation of multiple higher-harmonic X-ray frequency peaks.
  • Demonstrate arbitrary X-ray spectral profile shaping.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing the near-field profile of metasurfaces illuminated by few-cycle pulse lasers.
  • Leveraging higher-order spatial harmonics within the metasurface near-field.
  • Employing ab initio simulations to predict X-ray generation.

Main Results:

  • Predicted bright and monoenergetic X-rays at 30 keV with 3 keV spacing from 5 MeV electrons.
  • Demonstrated X-ray spectral profile shaping via metasurface geometry, electron energy, and incidence angle.
  • Designed a four-color X-ray source for multicolor hard X-ray spectroscopy.

Conclusions:

  • Metasurface near-fields can facilitate high-energy X-ray generation.
  • Arbitrary spectral shaping of X-rays is achievable.
  • Developed compact multi-harmonic X-ray sources with potential for broad applications.