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HLA-C Alleles and Cytomegalovirus Retinitis in Brazilian Patients with AIDS

Tânia Gisela Biberg-Salum1, Maria de Lourdes Veronese Rodrigues2, Ana Paula Morais Fernandes3

  • 1Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, University for Development of Pantanal Region (UNIDERP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

Journal of Ophthalmology
|September 25, 2018
PubMed

Insights

The HLA-C*07 allele group protects against cytomegalovirus retinitis (CR) in Brazilian AIDS patients. Other HLA-C alleles show varied associations with AIDS susceptibility and protection.

Area of Science:

  • Immunogenetics
  • Virology
  • Ophthalmology

Background:

  • Cytomegalovirus retinitis (CR) is a significant cause of vision loss in individuals with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
  • Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I alleles, specifically HLA-C, are implicated in the immune response to viral infections and have been linked to AIDS progression.
  • Understanding the role of HLA-C alleles in CR pathogenesis is crucial for predicting disease risk and developing targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between specific HLA-C alleles and the development of cytomegalovirus retinitis (CR) in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
  • To determine if HLA-C typing can serve as a predictive marker for CR in the context of HIV infection.

Main Methods:

  • Genotyping of the HLA-C locus was performed on three distinct cohorts: 49 AIDS patients with CR, 161 AIDS patients without CR, and 202 healthy HIV-negative controls.
  • Standard commercial HLA typing kits were utilized for accurate allele determination.
  • Statistical analysis was employed to compare allele frequencies across the study groups.

Main Results:

  • The HLA-C*07 allele group was significantly underrepresented in AIDS patients with CR compared to both controls and AIDS patients without CR (P=0.005 and P=0.006, respectively).
  • Conversely, the HLA-C*05 allele group was overrepresented in AIDS patients without CR compared to healthy controls (P=0.017).
  • The HLA-C*16 allele group showed increased frequency in healthy controls compared to AIDS patients without CR (P=0.004).

Conclusions:

  • The HLA-C*07 allele confers a protective effect against the development of cytomegalovirus retinitis in Brazilian AIDS patients.
  • The HLA-C*05 and HLA-C*16 allele groups are associated with increased susceptibility and protection against AIDS-related conditions, respectively.
  • HLA-C genotyping may offer insights into individual risk for developing CR among individuals with AIDS.
Abstract

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