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Vaccinations

Vaccinations

Cancer Vaccines

Cancer Vaccines

Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...

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Updated: Feb 4, 2026

Plaquing of Herpes Simplex Viruses

Plaquing of Herpes Simplex Viruses

Published on: November 5, 2021

Herpes Zoster Vaccines.

Anthony L Cunningham^1,2, Myron J Levin³

¹Westmead Institute for Medical Research.

The Journal of Infectious Diseases

|September 25, 2018

Summary

A new recombinant subunit vaccine (HZ/su) shows higher efficacy against herpes zoster (HZ) than the live attenuated vaccine (ZVL), especially in older adults. While more reactogenic, HZ/su offers hope for improved vaccines by diminishing immunosenescence.

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Last Updated: Feb 4, 2026

Plaquing of Herpes Simplex Viruses

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Published on: November 5, 2021

Expression and Purification of Virus-like Particles for Vaccination

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Published on: June 2, 2016

Growth, Purification, and Titration of Oncolytic Herpes Simplex Virus

Growth, Purification, and Titration of Oncolytic Herpes Simplex Virus

Published on: May 13, 2021

Area of Science:

Immunology
Vaccinology

Background:

Herpes zoster (HZ) immunization aims to counteract age-related or immunocompromise-induced decline in cell-mediated immunity to varicella zoster virus.
Two vaccines are available: Zoster vaccine, live attenuated (ZVL) and a recombinant subunit vaccine (HZ/su).

Purpose of the Study:

To review and compare the literature on ZVL and HZ/su vaccines.

Main Methods:

A literature review was conducted focusing on the two available HZ vaccines.

Main Results:

ZVL shows 51% efficacy against HZ and 65% against postherpetic neuralgia, with declining efficacy in older individuals.
HZ/su demonstrates approximately 90% efficacy against HZ, with minimal age-related decline and sustained immunogenicity for 9 years.
HZ/su exhibits significantly greater local and systemic reactogenicity compared to ZVL.

Conclusions:

HZ/su establishes that a recombinant protein vaccine with adjuvant can outperform live attenuated vaccines in stimulating immunity and potentially mitigating immunosenescence.
Further research is needed to determine HZ/su's long-term efficacy, its effectiveness as a booster for ZVL recipients, and its performance in immunocompromised populations.