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Related Concept Videos

Diffusion01:12

Diffusion

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Diffusion is the passive movement of substances down their concentration gradients—requiring no expenditure of cellular energy. Substances, such as molecules or ions, diffuse from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration in the cytosol or across membranes. Eventually, the concentration will even out, with the substance moving randomly but causing no net change in concentration. Such a state is called dynamic equilibrium, which is essential for maintaining overall...
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Diffusion01:21

Diffusion

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Diffusion is a type of passive transport. In passive transport, a substance tends to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until the concentration is equal across the space. For example, take the diffusion of substances through the air. When someone opens a perfume bottle in a room filled with people, the perfume is at its highest concentration in the bottle and is at its lowest at the edges of the room. The perfume vapor will diffuse, or spread away, from the...
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The Phosphorus Cycle01:21

The Phosphorus Cycle

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Unlike carbon, water, and nitrogen, phosphorus is not present in the atmosphere as a gas. Instead, most phosphorus in the ecosystem exists as compounds, such as phosphate ions (PO43-), found in soil, water, sediment and rocks. Phosphorus is often a limiting nutrient (i.e., in short supply). Consequently, phosphorus is added to most agricultural fertilizers, which can cause environmental problems related to runoff in aquatic ecosystems.
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Chirality at Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur02:30

Chirality at Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur

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Chirality is most prevalent in carbon-based tetrahedral compounds, but this important facet of molecular symmetry extends to sp3-hybridized nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur centers, including trivalent molecules with lone pairs. Here, the lone pair behaves as a functional group in addition to the other three substituents to form an analogous tetrahedral center that can be chiral.
A consequence of chirality is the need for enantiomeric resolution. While this is theoretically possible for all...
7.0K
Facilitated Diffusion01:16

Facilitated Diffusion

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The plasma membrane, a critical structure in cellular biology, houses an array of transporters, or carrier proteins, interspersed within its lipid bilayer. These proteins play a crucial role in solute transport through facilitated diffusion, a form of passive diffusion that uses transporters to move the molecules across the membrane.
In this process, substrates such as organic compounds and ions interact with a transporter on one side, triggering conformational changes in proteins that enable...
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Sinusoidal Sources01:18

Sinusoidal Sources

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Direct current (DC) refers to an electric current that flows in a single direction, maintaining a constant polarity. This is in contrast to alternating current (AC), which periodically changes its direction and magnitude. AC forms the backbone of modern electricity transmission and distribution systems due to its efficient long-distance transmission capabilities.
In homes, the power supplies use sinusoidal sources to provide electricity. These sources generate a voltage that varies sinusoidally...
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Laboratory-determined Phosphorus Flux from Lake Sediments as a Measure of Internal Phosphorus Loading
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Laboratory-determined Phosphorus Flux from Lake Sediments as a Measure of Internal Phosphorus Loading

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Managing Diffuse Phosphorus at the Source versus at the Sink.

Katrina A Macintosh1, Brooke K Mayer2, Richard W McDowell3,4

  • 1School of Biological Sciences and the Institute for Global Food Security , The Queen's University of Belfast , Belfast , U.K.

Environmental Science & Technology
|September 25, 2018
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Effective phosphorus (P) management is crucial for water quality and food production. Reducing P at the source, especially in agriculture, is the most cost-effective strategy for diffuse P pollution control.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Agricultural Science
  • Water Resource Management

Background:

  • Phosphorus (P) management is a global challenge impacting water quality and food production.
  • Point source P management is established, but diffuse sources (agriculture, urban runoff) remain difficult to control.
  • Effective strategies for diffuse P are essential for environmental sustainability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review diffuse phosphorus management strategies.
  • To analyze how P quantity and form influence decision-making.
  • To identify cost-effective and practical diffuse P management options.

Main Methods:

  • Critical review of current practices.
  • Analysis of case studies from agriculture, urban, and aquatic sectors globally.
  • Evaluation of P quantity (kg ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹) and P form in decision-making.

Main Results:

  • P quantity is highest and most concentrated at the source, particularly on farms.
  • Reducing P use, conserving P, and mitigating P loss at the source are most cost-effective.
  • Managing P at the aquatic sink is more costly but sometimes necessary.

Conclusions:

  • Source-based P management is the most practical and cost-effective approach.
  • Diffuse P management options are transferable globally.
  • P recovery offers circular economy opportunities but is currently expensive.