The Epidemiology of Deafness
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Updated: Feb 4, 2026

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Published on: December 20, 2024
Abraham M Sheffield1, Richard J H Smith2,3,4,5
1Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242.
Abstract:
Hearing loss is the most common sensory deficit worldwide. It affects ∼5% of the world population, impacts people of all ages, and exacts a significant personal and societal cost. This review presents epidemiological data on hearing loss. We discuss hereditary hearing loss, complex hearing loss with genetic and environmental factors, and hearing loss that is more clearly related to environment. We also discuss the disparity in hearing loss across the world, with more economically developed countries having overall lower rates of hearing loss compared with developing countries, and the opportunity to improve diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of this disorder.
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