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Halogens

Halogens

Group 17 elements, known as halogens, are nonmetals. At room temperature, fluorine and chlorine are gases, bromine is a liquid, and iodine a solid. Astatine is a highly unstable radioactive element, so currently, most of its properties are unknown due to its short half-life. Tennessine is a synthetic element also predicted to be in this group.

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VEGF-B is a potent antioxidant.

Pachiappan Arjunan¹, Xianchai Lin¹, Zhongshu Tang¹

¹State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong, China.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

|September 26, 2018

Summary

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-B (VEGF-B) is a potent antioxidant. This study reveals VEGF-B protects retinal cells from degeneration and identifies its key role in regulating antioxidative genes like GPX1.

Keywords:

Gpx1 VEGF-B antioxidant oxidative stress retinal degeneration

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Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Ophthalmology
Cell Biology

Background:

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-B (VEGF-B) function remains largely uncharacterized compared to VEGF-A.
VEGF family inhibitors are used clinically for neovascular diseases, highlighting the need to understand individual VEGF functions.
Oxidative stress is implicated in various human pathologies.

Purpose of the Study:

To elucidate the function and underlying mechanisms of VEGF-B.
To investigate VEGF-B's role in retinal health and degeneration.
To identify downstream targets and receptors mediating VEGF-B's effects.

Main Methods:

Gene deletion models (Vegf-b knockout mice).
Retinitis pigmentosa mouse models.
Analysis of antioxidative gene expression and activity (e.g., Gpx1).
Receptor binding studies (VEGFR1).

Main Results:

VEGF-B identified as a potent antioxidant.
Vegf-b gene deletion caused retinal degeneration in mice.
VEGF-B treatment rescued retinal cells in a retinitis pigmentosa model.
VEGF-B up-regulates antioxidative genes, notably Gpx1.
GPX1 activity is crucial for VEGF-B's antioxidative effect.
VEGF-B's antioxidant function is primarily mediated by VEGFR1.

Conclusions:

VEGF-B possesses significant antioxidant properties.
VEGF-B plays a protective role in retinal cells, potentially via GPX1.
VEGFR1 is the main receptor mediating VEGF-B's antioxidant effects.
VEGF-B holds therapeutic potential for diseases involving oxidative stress.