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The plant cell wall gives plant cells shape, support, and protection. As a cell matures, its cell wall specializes according to the cell type. For example, the parenchyma cells of leaves possess only a thin, primary cell wall.
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Flail Chest-I01:24

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Overview of Flail Chest
Flail chest is a severe and potentially life-threatening condition characterized by the fracture of three or more adjacent ribs in multiple places. It is most commonly caused by direct impacts and trauma, such as motor vehicle accidents or injuries from a steering wheel impact. It can also occur due to falls in elderly individuals with osteoporosis, or assaults involving sharp objects.
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Managing flail chest, a condition characterized by a segment of the chest wall moving independently from the rest of the thoracic cage, requires a comprehensive approach. It includes a thorough assessment of the patient's condition, a diagnostic evaluation to determine the extent of the injury, and the implementation of appropriate medical interventions tailored to the individual's needs.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 4, 2026

A Novel Microsurgical Model for Heterotopic, En Bloc Chest Wall, Thymus, and Heart Transplantation in Mice
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Chest wall mass: what lies beneath?

Claire Elaine Richards1, Ahmed Mamdouh Taha Mostafa1, Amr Elmoheen1

  • 1Department of Emergency Medicine, Hamad General Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.

Emergency Medicine Journal : EMJ
|September 26, 2018
PubMed
Summary

A rapidly growing chest wall mass in a young man was evaluated. The differential diagnosis included lipoma, chondrosarcoma, lymphoma, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB).

Keywords:
chest - non traumaglobal healthimaging, ct/mriinfectious diseases, bacterialmusculo-skeletal, soft tissue infection

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Area of Science:

  • Medical diagnosis
  • Oncology
  • Infectious diseases

Background:

  • A 24-year-old Filipino male presented with a month-long history of a rapidly enlarging, tender chest wall swelling.
  • The mass measured 7 cm × 6 cm over the sternum, was immobile, non-compressible, with mild erythema.
  • Cervical lymphadenopathy was noted; medical history was otherwise unremarkable.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the most likely diagnosis for a rapidly growing chest wall mass.
  • To differentiate between neoplastic and infectious etiologies.

Main Methods:

  • Clinical presentation and physical examination findings were documented.
  • Differential diagnoses were considered, including lipoma, chondrosarcoma, lymphoma, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB).

Main Results:

  • The clinical presentation suggested a complex chest wall mass requiring further investigation.
  • The differential diagnosis highlighted the need to rule out malignancy and infection.

Conclusions:

  • The case presents a diagnostic challenge requiring further workup to establish the etiology of the chest wall mass.
  • Considering both neoplastic and infectious causes is crucial for appropriate patient management.