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Related Concept Videos

Blood Flow01:29

Blood Flow

76.0K
Blood is pumped by the heart into the aorta, the largest artery in the body, and then into increasingly smaller arteries, arterioles, and capillaries. The velocity of blood flow decreases with increased cross-sectional blood vessel area. As blood returns to the heart through venules and veins, its velocity increases. The movement of blood is encouraged by smooth muscle in the vessel walls, the movement of skeletal muscle surrounding the vessels, and one-way valves that prevent backflow.
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Development of Blood Vessels01:07

Development of Blood Vessels

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The development of the vascular system in a fetus is a complex and intricate process that begins as early as 15 to 16 days post-conception. This process starts outside the embryo, specifically in the mesoderm of the yolk sac, chorion, and connecting stalk. Approximately two days later, the formation of blood vessels occurs within the embryo itself.
The initial formation of this system is facilitated by the small amount of yolk present in the ovum and yolk sac. Blood vessels originate from...
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Autoregulation of Blood Flow01:17

Autoregulation of Blood Flow

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Autoregulation mechanisms are characterized by their inherent capacity for self-regulation without necessitating specific nervous stimulation or endocrine control. These mechanisms facilitate the adjustment of blood flow and, therefore, perfusion specific to each tissue region. This self-regulation encompasses chemical signals and myogenic controls.
Chemical Signaling in Autoregulation
Chemical signaling operates at the precapillary sphincter level, inciting either contraction or relaxation....
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Area Computation by the Alternative Coordinate Method01:24

Area Computation by the Alternative Coordinate Method

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The alternative coordinate method, also known as the Shoelace Formula, is a technique for determining the area of a traverse using Cartesian coordinates. This method relies on the sequential arrangement of x and y coordinates for each point of the shape, ensuring accuracy and ease of application.In this approach, each corner's x and y coordinates are listed as fractions, with the x-coordinate as the numerator and the y-coordinate as the denominator. These coordinates are arranged sequentially...
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Applications of Integration to Find Blood Flow01:27

Applications of Integration to Find Blood Flow

50
Blood flow through a cylindrical blood vessel can be mathematically described using the principles of laminar flow, a regime in which fluid moves smoothly in parallel layers. In this model, the velocity of the blood is not uniform across the cross-section of the vessel; rather, it varies with the radial distance from the center. The maximum velocity occurs along the central axis, decreasing progressively toward the vessel walls, where it reaches zero due to viscous drag.Approximating Blood...
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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
Troponins
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High-Resolution Cardiac Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography for Small Animals
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Quantifying blood flow dynamics during cardiac development: demystifying computational methods.

Katherine Courchaine1, Sandra Rugonyi2

  • 1Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences
|September 26, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Blood flow (haemodynamics) is vital for cardiovascular development, influencing growth and preventing congenital heart defects. New technologies and 3D modeling help quantify these forces, revealing crucial mechanisms in heart formation.

Keywords:
blood flow dynamicscardiovascular developmentcomputational fluid dynamicshaemodynamicsmechanotransduction

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Development
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Hemodynamics significantly impact embryonic cardiovascular growth and development.
  • Altered blood flow is linked to congenital heart disease and malformations.
  • Mechanisms linking blood flow mechanics to cardiovascular development are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize fundamental aspects of blood flow dynamics modeling.
  • To focus on 3D modeling techniques for cardiovascular development.
  • To discuss studies revealing blood flow's influence on heart and vascular formation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing recent technologies for precise measurement of blood flow parameters and cardiovascular geometry.
  • Applying computational fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques.
  • Focusing on three-dimensional (3D) modeling approaches.

Main Results:

  • Quantification of hemodynamic parameters and their developmental changes is now possible.
  • 3D modeling and advanced measurement technologies enable detailed analysis.
  • Studies are revealing specific mechanisms of blood flow influence.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding blood flow dynamics is critical for deciphering cardiovascular development.
  • Advanced modeling and measurement techniques are key to uncovering these mechanisms.
  • This research contributes to understanding mechanical cues in heart and vascular formation.