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Updated: Feb 4, 2026

Culture of Bladder Cancer Organoids as Precision Medicine Tools
Published on: December 28, 2021
Pyruvate kinase M2 inhibits the progression of bladder cancer by targeting MAKP pathway
Qiang Zhu1, Baofa Hong1, Lei Zhang1
1Department of Urology Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
Purpose:
Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) was found overexpressed in tumor cells and played a significant role in tumor formation and growth. We sought to explore the correlation of PKM2 expression with cell proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis in bladder cancer cell line.
Materials And Methods:
Real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot were performed to determine the expression level of PKM2 at mRNA and protein level. MTT and flow cytometry were respectively used to explore the proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis in bladder cancer cell line in vitro.
Results:
The results suggested that suppression of PKM2 significantly decreased the proliferation rate, invasive cell number, and migration ability of bladder cancer cells compared with blank group. Moreover, proteins such as MMP2 and MMP9 as well as P38 expression were also affected by the PKM2 expression changes. These results proved that PKM2 could be involved in the progression of bladder cancer by mitogen-activated protein kinases signaling pathway.
Conclusion:
The data presented in this study revealed that PKM2 up-regulation may promote the development and metastasis of bladder cancer through promoting cell proliferation, migration and invasion via MAPK signal pathway.
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