Morphological Evaluation of Meta-stable Oligomers of α-Synuclein with Small-Angle Neutron Scattering

Amyloidogenesis of α-synuclein (αS) is considered to be a pathological phenomenon related to Parkinson's disease (PD). As a key component to reveal the fibrillation mechanism and toxicity, we have investigated an oligomeric species of αS capable of exhibiting the unit-assembly process leading to accelerated amyloid fibril formation. These oligomers previously shown to exist in a meta-stable state with mostly disordered structure and unable to seed the fibrillation were converted to either temperature-sensitive self-associative oligomers or NaCl-induced non-fibrillating oligomeric species. Despite their transient and disordered nature, the structural information of meta-stable αS oligomers (Meta-αS-Os) was successfully evaluated with small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) technique. By fitting the neutron scattering data with polydisperse Gaussian Coil (pGC) model, Meta-αS-O was analyzed as a sphere with approximate diameter of 100 Å. Its overall shape altered drastically with subtle changes in temperature between 37 °C and 43 °C, which would be responsible for fibrillar polymorphism. Based on their bifurcating property of Meta-αS-Os leading to either on-pathway or off-pathway species, the oligomers could be suggested as a crucial intermediate responsible for the oligomeric diversification and multiple fibrillation processes. Therefore, Meta-αS-Os could be considered as a principal target to control the amyloidogenesis and its pathogenesis.