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Related Concept Videos

Types of Selection01:46

Types of Selection

44.3K
Natural selection influences the frequencies of particular alleles and phenotypes within populations in several different ways. Primarily, natural selection can be directional, stabilizing, or disruptive. Directional selection favors one extreme trait and shifts the population towards that phenotype while selecting against individuals displaying alternate traits. Stabilizing selection favors an intermediate trait with a narrow range of variation. Deviation from the optimal phenotype towards an...
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Limits to Natural Selection01:38

Limits to Natural Selection

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Organisms that are well-adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce. However, natural selection does not lead to perfectly adapted organisms. Several factors constrain natural selection.
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What is Natural Selection?01:32

What is Natural Selection?

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Natural selection is an evolutionary process in which individuals with survival-promoting traits reproduce at higher rates. These favorable traits become more common within a population or species. Naturally selected traits initially arise via random genetic mutations. In order for selection to occur, there must be variation within a population, the trait controlling the variation must be heritable, and there must be an evolutionary advantage for variation in the trait.
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Antibiotic Selection00:57

Antibiotic Selection

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Overview
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Frequency-dependent Selection01:21

Frequency-dependent Selection

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When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
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Natural Selection and Adaptation01:15

Natural Selection and Adaptation

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Natural selection, a fundamental concept in evolutionary biology, is the mechanism by which evolution is driven, favoring organisms that are best adapted to their environments. This process enhances their chances of survival and reproduction. Adaptation, a key outcome of this process, involves genetic modifications that optimize an organism's functionality under specific environmental challenges, such as extreme cold or thinner air at high altitudes.
Beyond physical adaptations,...
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Updated: Jan 26, 2026

Modeling Age-Associated Neurodegenerative Diseases in Caenorhabditis elegans
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Selective vulnerability in neurodegenerative diseases.

Hongjun Fu1,2, John Hardy3, Karen E Duff4,5

  • 1Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain; and Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.

Nature Neuroscience
|September 26, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Neurodegenerative diseases selectively target specific neurons and worsen predictably over time. Recent advances in genomics and mouse models are illuminating the biology behind this selective neuronal vulnerability.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Neurodegenerative diseases exhibit selective neuronal vulnerability and predictable, progressive pathology.
  • Understanding the mechanisms behind this selectivity is a significant challenge in the field.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To detail the emerging understanding of the biological basis of selective neuronal vulnerability in neurodegenerative diseases.
  • To identify areas where knowledge regarding selective neuronal vulnerability remains incomplete.

Main Methods:

  • Application of whole-genome technologies.
  • Development of mouse models mimicking disease pathology.
  • Identification of intrinsic neuronal properties (morphological, electrophysiological, biochemical).

Main Results:

  • Emerging insights into the biology of selective neuronal vulnerability.
  • Characterization of properties contributing to neuronal vulnerability.
  • Identification of key features of disease progression.

Conclusions:

  • Selective neuronal vulnerability is a fundamental characteristic of neurodegenerative diseases.
  • Advances in technology and modeling are crucial for dissecting disease mechanisms.
  • Further research is needed to fully understand the complexities of selective neuronal vulnerability.