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Wind Tunnel Experiments to Study Chaparral Crown Fires
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Latitudinal effects on crown shape evolution.

Magnus Lindh1, Daniel S Falster2, Lai Zhang3

  • 1Magnus Lindh, Department of Physical Geography Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden.

Ecology and Evolution
|September 26, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Forest crown shape varies globally. This study reveals site productivity, not sun angle, significantly influences tree crown evolution, with less productive areas favoring lower leaf placement.

Keywords:
adaptive dynamicscrownevolutionlatitudeproductivityshapesun angletree

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Forestry
  • Theoretical Ecology

Background:

  • Global forest crown shapes exhibit significant variation.
  • Factors driving these variations in relation to environmental conditions are poorly understood.
  • Previous theories suggested latitude-driven changes due to sun angle, but this was unconfirmed under competition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how site productivity and sun angle influence the evolution of tree crown shape.
  • To model the interplay between self-shading, competitive shading, and crown architecture trade-offs.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a size-structured forest-growth model incorporating self-shading and neighbor competition.
  • Analyzed the evolution of two crown traits: top-heaviness and width-to-height ratio.
  • Incorporated trade-offs reflecting the costs and benefits of different crown architectures.

Main Results:

  • Sun angle has a weak influence on crown shape, except in low-productivity environments.
  • Reduced site productivity strongly affects crown shape, causing leaves to be positioned closer to the ground.
  • Crown width-to-height ratio showed minimal influence from environmental factors.

Conclusions:

  • Established beliefs about latitude-driven crown shape changes due to sun angle are questioned.
  • Crown shape variation with latitude is likely mediated primarily by site productivity, not direct sun angle effects.
  • Geometric growth constraints and crown construction costs are key drivers of crown evolution.