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Related Concept Videos

Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

17.1K
Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
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Ionic Radii03:10

Ionic Radii

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Ionic radius is the measure used to describe the size of an ion. A cation always has fewer electrons and the same number of protons as the parent atom; it is smaller than the atom from which it is derived. For example, the covalent radius of an aluminum atom (1s22s22p63s23p1) is 118 pm, whereas the ionic radius of an Al3+ (1s22s22p6) is 68 pm. As electrons are removed from the outer valence shell, the remaining core electrons occupying smaller shells experience a greater effective nuclear...
33.6K
Ionic Bonds00:42

Ionic Bonds

131.0K
Overview
When atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration they form ions. Ionic bonds are electrostatic attractions between ions with opposite charges. Ionic compounds are rigid and brittle when solid and may dissociate into their constituent ions in water. Covalent compounds, by contrast, remain intact unless a chemical reaction breaks them.
Opposing Charges Hold Ions Together in Ionic Compounds
Ionic bonds are reversible electrostatic interactions between ions...
131.0K
Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer02:48

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

49.2K
Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
49.2K
Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

20.1K
Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
20.1K
Solubility of Ionic Compounds02:55

Solubility of Ionic Compounds

68.2K
Solubility is the measure of the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given quantity of solvent at a given temperature and pressure. Solubility is usually measured in molarity (M) or moles per liter (mol/L). A compound is termed soluble if it dissolves in water.
68.2K

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Creating Sub-50 Nm Nanofluidic Junctions in PDMS Microfluidic Chip via Self-Assembly Process of Colloidal Particles
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Robust Sandwich-Structured Nanofluidic Diodes Modulating Ionic Transport for an Enhanced Electrochromic Performance.

Qianqian Zhang1,2,3, Qirong Liu2, Jianxin Kang3

  • 1The College of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing University of Technology Beihang University Beijing 100124 P. R. China.

Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
|September 26, 2018
PubMed
Summary

This study presents a novel sandwich-structured nanofluidic diode with surface charges for enhanced ion rectification. This design also functions as an electrochromic membrane, demonstrating improved lithium-ion transport and color change performance.

Keywords:
electrochromic performanceion rectificationnanochannelsnanofluidic diodessandwich structures

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Electrochemistry

Background:

  • Biomimetic solid-state nanofluidic diodes are crucial for biosensing and energy conversion.
  • Exterior surface contributions to ion transport and rectification are often overlooked.
  • Existing designs may not fully leverage surface charge effects for performance optimization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To rationally design a robust sandwich-structured nanofluidic diode by controlling exterior surface charges.
  • To investigate the impact of surface charges on transmembrane ionic transport and current rectification.
  • To develop a multifunctional device combining nanofluidic diode and electrochromic properties.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a nanoporous membrane with oppositely charged exterior surfaces using inorganic oxides with distinct isoelectric points.
  • Experimental characterization of ion concentration changes and current rectification under applied potential.
  • Theoretical simulation to support experimental findings on ion transport.
  • Integration of electrochromic inorganic oxides to create a visual color-changing device.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated current rectification in the sandwich-structured nanofluidic diode, attributed to potential-induced ion concentration changes.
  • Validated the theoretical model predicting ion rectification behavior.
  • Developed a dual-function electrochromic membrane exhibiting visual color changes.
  • Observed enhanced Li+ ion migration due to surface-charge-governed transport and nanoporous structure, improving electrochromic performance.

Conclusions:

  • Surface charges on exterior surfaces are critical for designing effective nanofluidic diodes.
  • The developed sandwich-structured device offers a promising platform for both nanofluidic applications and electrochromic devices.
  • This work opens new avenues for optimizing nanofluidic diodes and electrochromic systems through rational surface engineering.