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Endoscopic Procedures II: Colonoscopy01:25

Endoscopic Procedures II: Colonoscopy

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The colon, or large intestine, is the final segment of the digestive system. Its primary functions include absorbing water and vitamins produced by gut bacteria and transforming waste from liquid to solid to form stool. In adults, the large intestine is approximately 5 feet long and consists of four main sections:
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What is Natural Selection?01:32

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Natural selection is an evolutionary process in which individuals with survival-promoting traits reproduce at higher rates. These favorable traits become more common within a population or species. Naturally selected traits initially arise via random genetic mutations. In order for selection to occur, there must be variation within a population, the trait controlling the variation must be heritable, and there must be an evolutionary advantage for variation in the trait.
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This lesson explores three gastrointestinal imaging techniques: radionuclide testing, colonic transit studies, and virtual colonoscopy.
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Types of Selection01:46

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Natural selection influences the frequencies of particular alleles and phenotypes within populations in several different ways. Primarily, natural selection can be directional, stabilizing, or disruptive. Directional selection favors one extreme trait and shifts the population towards that phenotype while selecting against individuals displaying alternate traits. Stabilizing selection favors an intermediate trait with a narrow range of variation. Deviation from the optimal phenotype towards an...
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Frequency-dependent Selection01:21

Frequency-dependent Selection

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When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
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Updated: Feb 4, 2026

Fecal Microbiota Transplantation via Colonoscopy for Recurrent C. difficile Infection
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Triage for selection to colonoscopy?

Mathias Mertz-Petersen1, Thomas B Piper1, Jakob Kleif1

  • 1Center for Surgical Research, Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark.

European Journal of Surgical Oncology : the Journal of the European Society of Surgical Oncology and the British Association of Surgical Oncology
|September 26, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Population screening for colorectal cancer faces capacity challenges. A new triage test using blood biomarkers can reduce colonoscopy needs by 30%, improving efficiency and patient experience.

Keywords:
BiomarkersBlood testColonoscopyColorectal cancerScreeningTriage

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Oncology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Population screening for colorectal cancer (CRC) via colonoscopy faces significant capacity constraints.
  • This leads to long waiting times and delays in follow-up examinations, impacting patient care and healthcare system efficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate a triage concept for CRC screening to improve selection for colonoscopy.
  • To assess the potential of a multi-component triage test to reduce colonoscopy demand.

Main Methods:

  • The study focused on a triage concept incorporating subject age, fecal hemoglobin concentration, and blood-based cancer biomarkers.
  • Analysis of clinical data to determine the effectiveness of this triage approach in selecting patients for colonoscopy.

Main Results:

  • The proposed triage strategy demonstrated a potential to reduce colonoscopy requirements by approximately 30%.
  • This reduction can alleviate capacity issues, benefit healthcare budgets, and spare patients unnecessary invasive procedures.

Conclusions:

  • A triage test combining age, fecal blood, and blood biomarkers is a promising strategy to optimize CRC screening.
  • Implementing such a triage system can significantly enhance colonoscopy capacity and improve the efficiency of CRC detection programs.