Multimodal highly fluorescent-magnetic nanoplatform to target transferrin receptors in cancer cells

Site-specific multimodal nanoplatforms with fluorescent-magnetic properties have great potential for biological sciences. For this reason, we developed a multimodal nanoprobe (BNPs-Tf), by covalently conjugating an optical-magnetically active bimodal nanosystem, based on quantum dots and iron oxide nanoparticles, with the human holo-transferrin (Tf).

The Tf bioconjugation efficiency was evaluated by the fluorescence microplate assay (FMA) and the amount of Tf immobilized on BNPs was quantified by fluorescence spectroscopy. Moreover, relaxometric and fluorescent properties of the BNPs-Tf were evaluated, as well as its ability to label specifically HeLa cells. Cytotoxicity was also performed by Alamar Blue assay.

The FMA confirmed an efficient bioconjugation and the fluorescence spectroscopy analysis indicated that 98% of Tf was immobilized on BNPs. BNPs-Tf also presented a bright fluorescence and a transversal/longitudinal relaxivities ratio (r₂/r₁) of 65. Importantly, the developed BNPs-Tf were able to label, efficiently and specifically, the Tf receptors in HeLa cells, as shown by fluorescence and magnetic resonance imaging assays. Moreover, this multimodal system did not cause noteworthy cytotoxicity.

The prepared BNPs-Tf hold great promise as an effective and specific multimodal, highly fluorescent-magnetic, nanoplatform for fluorescence analyses and T₂-weighted images.

This study developed an attractive and versatile multimodal nanoplatform that has potential to be applied in a variety of in vitro and in vivo studies, addressing biological processes, diagnostic, and therapeutics. Moreover, this work opens new possibilities for designing other efficient multimodal nanosystems, considering other biomolecules in their composition able to provide them important functional properties.