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Phenol: a complex chemoeffector in bacterial chemotaxis.

Y Imae, K Oosawa, T Mizuno

    Journal of Bacteriology
    |January 1, 1987
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Phenol repels Salmonella typhimurium but attracts Escherichia coli due to differing receptor methylation. Salmonella

    Area of Science:

    • Microbiology
    • Bacterial Chemotaxis
    • Molecular Biology

    Background:

    • Phenol elicits distinct behavioral responses in Salmonella typhimurium (repellent) and Escherichia coli (attractant).
    • These behavioral differences are linked to phenol's impact on bacterial chemoreceptor methylation levels.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the differential chemotaxis of S. typhimurium and E. coli towards phenol.
    • To identify the specific chemoreceptors involved in mediating these responses.

    Main Methods:

    • Comparative analysis of bacterial behavior (attraction/repulsion) in response to phenol.
    • Measurement of chemoreceptor methylation and demethylation dynamics.
    • Utilizing mutant strains and genetic manipulation (e.g., Tar-encoding plasmids).

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    Main Results:

    • Phenol causes net demethylation in S. typhimurium and net methylation in E. coli.
    • In E. coli, the Tar receptor mediates phenol attraction.
    • S. typhimurium possesses a novel repellent receptor (demethylation) and the Tar receptor (methylation); the repellent receptor typically dominates.

    Conclusions:

    • The differential expression and function of chemoreceptors, particularly the Tar receptor and a unique repellent receptor in S. typhimurium, explain the opposing behavioral responses to phenol.
    • E. coli lacks a phenol-specific repellent receptor, contributing to its attractant response.
    • Modulating Tar receptor levels in S. typhimurium can shift its response towards attraction, highlighting receptor abundance's role.