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Related Concept Videos

Language01:16

Language

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Language is a unique communication system that uses words and systematic rules to organize and transmit information. Unlike other forms of communication, which may involve postures, movements, odors, or vocalizations, language relies on symbols and grammar. This makes human communication distinct from that of other species, who also communicate but do not use language in the same way humans do.
Corballis and Suddendorf (2007) and Tomasello and Rakoczy (2003) highlight the role of language in...
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Classification of Illness01:17

Classification of Illness

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The meaning of illness is individualized to each person who experiences an alteration in health. In contrast, disease is a medical term indicating a pathological change in the structure and function of the body or mind. It is a condition that has specific symptoms and boundaries.
An illness is a response to a disease in which the person's level of functioning is changed compared with a previous level. The general classification of illness includes acute and chronic.
Acute illness is severe...
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Factors Affecting Illness01:18

Factors Affecting Illness

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When a person's physical, emotional, intellectual, social development or spiritual functioning is compromised, this deviation from a healthy normal state is called illness. Illness creates stress that in turn harms individuals. Irritation, anger, denial, hopelessness, and fear are behavioral and emotional changes an individual experiences in the phases of illness. A variety of factors influence a person's health and well-being.
For instance, risk factors are connected to illness,...
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What is Natural Selection?01:32

What is Natural Selection?

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Natural selection is an evolutionary process in which individuals with survival-promoting traits reproduce at higher rates. These favorable traits become more common within a population or species. Naturally selected traits initially arise via random genetic mutations. In order for selection to occur, there must be variation within a population, the trait controlling the variation must be heritable, and there must be an evolutionary advantage for variation in the trait.
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Concepts of Health and Illness01:29

Concepts of Health and Illness

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Health is a condition of the body, mind, and spirit where an individual remains free from illness. Similarly, wellness is an active state, including living a lifestyle that promotes physical, mental, and emotional health. Physical health is critical for the overall well-being and can be affected by lifestyle, activity level, diet, and behavior. The highest attainable standard of health is a fundamental and universal human right. Consider Lisa, a fifteen-year-old born with congenital...
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Dimensions of Health and Illness01:21

Dimensions of Health and Illness

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The factors influencing the health-illness continuum can be internal or external and may or may not be under conscious control. They are related to the following eight human dimensions, and each dimension is interrelated to one other.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 4, 2026

Using Eye Movements Recorded in the Visual World Paradigm to Explore the Online Processing of Spoken Language
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Needle in a Haystack: Natural Language Processing to Identify Serious Illness.

Brooks Udelsman1, Isabel Chien2,3, Kei Ouchi4

  • 11 Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.

Journal of Palliative Medicine
|September 26, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Combining administrative data with natural language processing (NLP) significantly improves the identification of patients with rare, severe illnesses. This rapid method enhances research into palliative care for difficult-to-diagnose conditions.

Keywords:
critical illnessnatural language processingpatient identification

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Informatics
  • Computational Medicine
  • Health Services Research

Background:

  • Administrative data alone is insufficient for accurately identifying patients with palliative care needs.
  • Uncommon and severe illnesses are particularly challenging to detect using traditional data methods.
  • Accurate patient identification is crucial for targeted interventions and research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a method for identifying patients with rare, severe diseases using administrative data combined with natural language processing (NLP).
  • To improve the accuracy and efficiency of identifying patient cohorts for clinical research, including those requiring palliative care.
  • To overcome limitations of administrative codes in detecting specific, poor-prognosis conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study utilizing electronic medical records from a large healthcare network.
  • Identification of patients with pneumoperitoneum and leptomeningeal metastases (from breast cancer) using both administrative codes and NLP.
  • Comparison of identification rates and positive predictive values (PPV) between administrative codes alone and the combined approach.

Main Results:

  • Administrative codes alone had low PPVs (13% for pneumoperitoneum, 25% for leptomeningeal metastasis).
  • The combination of administrative codes and NLP achieved a 100% PPV for both conditions.
  • The NLP-enhanced method rapidly identified patient cohorts, reducing manual review needs.

Conclusions:

  • Integrating NLP with administrative data provides a highly accurate and efficient method for identifying seriously ill patients with rare diseases.
  • This approach facilitates research into treatment effectiveness, including palliative interventions, for unique patient populations.
  • The method eliminates the need for costly and time-consuming manual chart reviews, enabling faster study completion.