Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Lumber Defects01:23

Lumber Defects

524
Lumber defects, which can affect both the appearance and structural integrity of wood, include a variety of growth and manufacturing flaws. Growth defects such as knots and knotholes occur where branches were once attached to the tree trunk, with knotholes forming when these knots fall out. Other natural defects include decay and insect damage, which compromise the wood's strength and durability.
Shakes are minor fractures that run along or across the wood's annual rings, while wane is...
524
Concentration Cells02:41

Concentration Cells

25.9K
A concentration cell is a type of a  voltaic cell constructed by connecting two almost identical half-cells, both based on the same half-reaction and using the same electrode, differing only in the concentration of one redox species. A concentration cell's potential, therefore, is determined only by the concentration difference of the particular redox species.
Consider the following voltaic cell:
25.9K
Introduction to Urinary System01:13

Introduction to Urinary System

9.1K
The urinary system consists of two kidneys, two ureters, the urinary bladder, and the urethra.
The kidneys are bean-shaped organs located in the retroperitoneal space, on either side of the vertebral column, between the T12 and L3 vertebrae. They are partially protected by the rib cage and surrounded by perirenal fat, which provides cushioning. They are responsible for urine formation and play critical roles in regulating blood pressure, electrolyte levels, and hormone production. The ureters...
9.1K
Urinary Bladder01:23

Urinary Bladder

3.5K
The urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular sac that temporarily stores urine before it is expelled from the body. It can hold approximately 600 mL of urine prior to micturition. The bladder is retroperitoneal and located behind the pubic symphysis in the pelvic floor.
In males, the bladder is situated in front of the rectum, while in females, it is positioned anterior to the vagina and uterus. The bladder floor contains an inverted triangular area called the trigone, defined by the two ureteric...
3.5K
Disorders of the Urinary System01:20

Disorders of the Urinary System

1.2K
The urinary system is responsible for eliminating waste and excess fluids from the body. However, disorders of the urinary system can arise due to various reasons like infections, stress, age, congenital abnormalities, and lifestyle.
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common urinary system disorders. They are caused by bacteria that enter the urethra and can spread to the bladder resulting in cystitis. Pyelonephritis is the result of a UTI that has ascended to the level of the...
1.2K
Solution Concentration and Dilution02:59

Solution Concentration and Dilution

134.0K
The relative amount of a given solution component is known as its concentration. Often, though not always, a solution contains one component with a concentration that is significantly greater than that of all other components. This component is called the solvent and may be viewed as the medium in which the other components are dispersed or dissolved. Solutions in which water is the solvent are, of course, very common on our planet. A solution in which water is the solvent is called an aqueous...
134.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Effect of flavonoids identified in grape pomace extract on efflux pump in <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>.

Frontiers in microbiology·2026
Same author

Optimizing frozen section sampling for thyroid follicular neoplasms through intraoperative ultrasound guidance.

European thyroid journal·2026
Same author

From discarding to leveraging: quality-aware collaborative learning for robust diabetic retinopathy grading.

Frontiers in medicine·2026
Same author

Bridging research and practice: a systematic review of Academic entrepreneurship in healthcare and its emerging research agenda.

BMC health services research·2026
Same author

Pyridoxine supplementation confers protection against <i>SGPL1</i> <sup><i>R222Q</i></sup> variant sphingosine phosphate lyase insufficiency syndrome.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Novel developments in untangling the significance of Epac signaling in the kidney.

Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 4, 2026

Assessing Urinary Tract Junction Obstruction Defects by Methylene Blue Dye Injection
06:05

Assessing Urinary Tract Junction Obstruction Defects by Methylene Blue Dye Injection

Published on: October 12, 2017

16.2K

Urinary concentrating defect in mice lacking Epac1 or Epac2.

Alena Cherezova1, Viktor Tomilin2, Vadym Buncha1

  • 1Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA.

FASEB Journal : Official Publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology
|September 26, 2018
PubMed
Summary

The study reveals that Epac1 and Epac2 are crucial for kidney function, as their absence causes polyuria by reducing sodium-hydrogen exchanger type 3 in the proximal tubule.

Keywords:
AQP2NHE-3collecting ductureawater deprivation

More Related Videos

Longitudinal Follow-Up of Urinary Tract Infections and Their Treatment in Mice using Bioluminescence Imaging
07:39

Longitudinal Follow-Up of Urinary Tract Infections and Their Treatment in Mice using Bioluminescence Imaging

Published on: June 14, 2021

3.5K
Ultrasonography of the Adult Male Urinary Tract for Urinary Functional Testing
05:25

Ultrasonography of the Adult Male Urinary Tract for Urinary Functional Testing

Published on: August 14, 2019

20.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 4, 2026

Assessing Urinary Tract Junction Obstruction Defects by Methylene Blue Dye Injection
06:05

Assessing Urinary Tract Junction Obstruction Defects by Methylene Blue Dye Injection

Published on: October 12, 2017

16.2K
Longitudinal Follow-Up of Urinary Tract Infections and Their Treatment in Mice using Bioluminescence Imaging
07:39

Longitudinal Follow-Up of Urinary Tract Infections and Their Treatment in Mice using Bioluminescence Imaging

Published on: June 14, 2021

3.5K
Ultrasonography of the Adult Male Urinary Tract for Urinary Functional Testing
05:25

Ultrasonography of the Adult Male Urinary Tract for Urinary Functional Testing

Published on: August 14, 2019

20.2K

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Molecular Endocrinology
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Cyclic AMP (cAMP) is a vital second messenger in kidney function.
  • Epac (exchange protein directly activated by cAMP) isoforms, Epac1 and Epac2, are cAMP effectors linked to calcium signaling, with their renal roles being unclear.
  • Understanding Epac's function is key to deciphering renal water-solute handling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the specific roles of Epac1 and Epac2 in the kidney.
  • To determine the impact of Epac isoform deletion on renal water and solute transport.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying Epac's contribution to kidney physiology.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized knockout mouse models (Epac1-/- and Epac2-/-).
  • Employed ratiometric calcium imaging, quantitative immunoblotting, and immunofluorescent confocal microscopy.
  • Conducted balance studies and water deprivation tests to assess renal function.

Main Results:

  • Epac1-/- and Epac2-/- mice exhibited polyuria despite normal arginine vasopressin levels.
  • A significant reduction in sodium-hydrogen exchanger type 3 (NHE3) expression was observed in the proximal tubules of mutant mice.
  • Mutant mice showed impaired urinary concentrating ability and increased urinary Na+ and urea excretion.

Conclusions:

  • Epac1 and Epac2 play nonredundant roles in maintaining kidney function.
  • The absence of Epac isoforms leads to decreased proximal tubule NHE3 expression.
  • This reduction in NHE3 contributes to polyuria and osmotic diuresis, highlighting Epac's importance in renal solute and water balance.