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Related Concept Videos

Breathing01:05

Breathing

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The process of breathing, inhaling and exhaling, involves the coordinated movement of the chest wall, the lungs, and the muscles that move them. Two muscle groups with important roles in breathing are the diaphragm, located directly below the lungs, and the intercostal muscles, which lie between the ribs. When the diaphragm contracts, it moves downward, increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity and creating more room for the lungs to expand. When the intercostal muscles contract, the ribs...
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Mechanism of Breathing I: Inspiration01:30

Mechanism of Breathing I: Inspiration

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Introduction to Inspiration: The Respiratory System in Action
The respiratory system, an essential network for breathing, comprises the conducting and respiratory zones, each playing a crucial role in the overall process of respiration. Let us explore the detailed mechanism of inspiration, or inhalation, which is the first phase of the respiratory cycle.
Pathway of Air during Inspiration
During inspiration, air enters our body through the nose or mouth and moves through the conducting zone,...
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Mechanism of Breathing II: Expiration01:23

Mechanism of Breathing II: Expiration

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The Physiology of Expiration: A Seamless Respiratory Process
Expiration, or exhaling, is a complex physiological process that begins as the inspiratory muscles begin to relax. This relaxation triggers a series of events that epitomize the efficiency of the respiratory system.
Mechanism of Expiration:
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Chromatin Immunoprecipitation- ChIP02:36

Chromatin Immunoprecipitation- ChIP

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Chromatin immunoprecipitation, or ChIP, is an antibody-based technique used to identify sites on DNA that bind to transcription factors of interest or histone proteins. It also helps determine the type of histone modifications such as acetylation, phosphorylation, or methylation.
Types of ChIP
ChIP can be divided into two types - X-ChIP and N-ChIP. X-ChIP involves in vivo cross-linking of histones and regulatory proteins to DNA, fragmenting the DNA by sonication, and isolating the protein-DNA...
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Serum Laboratory Studies, Stool Test, Breath Test01:30

Serum Laboratory Studies, Stool Test, Breath Test

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Gastrointestinal (GI) diagnostic studies are pivotal in confirming, ruling out, diagnosing, or staging various diseases, including cancers. Following diagnosis, allocating time for discussions with the patient and providing informational resources is crucial. Diagnostic assessments of the GI tract often occur in outpatient settings like endoscopy suites or GI labs. Preparation for these tests may include dietary restrictions, fasting, liquid bowel preparations, laxatives, enemas, and the...
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Mechanism of Breathing III: The Accessory Muscles01:21

Mechanism of Breathing III: The Accessory Muscles

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The Role of Accessory Muscles in the Respiratory System
The respiratory system is a complex network that relies on primary respiratory muscles like the diaphragm, but also involves accessory muscles to enhance lung expansion and airflow during both inhalation and exhalation.
Enhancing Inhalation with Accessory Muscles:
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Related Experiment Video

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Medium throughput breathing human primary cell alveolus-on-chip model.

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A novel

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Cell Biology
  • Drug Development

Background:

  • Organs-on-chips offer potential for enhanced drug development and reduced animal testing.
  • Current devices require improvement in replicating in vivo conditions and ease of use.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a 'breathing' lung-on-chip array for improved in vivo simulation.
  • To assess the usability and biological relevance of the chip for lung research.

Main Methods:

  • A 'breathing' lung-on-chip array with passive medium exchange was designed.
  • Primary human alveolar epithelial cells (hAEpCs) and lung endothelial cells were cultured.
  • Cell phenotype, function, barrier integrity, and response to cyclic strain were evaluated.

Main Results:

  • The chip maintained hAEpC phenotype and function for several days.
  • Epithelial barrier integrity was preserved, and basal supernatant sampling was feasible.
  • Cyclic strain significantly impacted epithelial barrier permeability, and long-term co-cultures were reproducible.

Conclusions:

  • The 'breathing' lung-on-chip array provides an in vivo-like environment for lung cells.
  • This platform supports reproducible cell culture and physiological measurements.
  • The device shows promise as a tool for lung research, drug discovery, and precision medicine.