Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

264
In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
264
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution01:17

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution

311
Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight,...
311
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism01:24

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

233
In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses...
233
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption01:23

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

301
Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
301
Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression02:35

Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression

24.9K
Chromatin is the massive complex of DNA and proteins packaged inside the nucleus. The complexity of chromatin folding and how it is packaged inside the nucleus greatly influences  access to genetic information. Generally, the nucleus' periphery is considered transcriptionally repressive, while the cell's interior is considered a transcriptionally active area. 
Topologically Associated Domains (TADs)
The 3-dimensional positioning of chromatin in the nucleus influences the...
24.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Oxidative stress, antioxidant depletion, and DNA damage in post-COVID-19 patients: evidence of a disrupted redox network and loss of age-dependent antioxidant compensation.

Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology·2026
Same author

Rotational thromboelastometry versus conventional tests in decompensated cirrhotic children undergoing invasive procedures.

Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition·2026
Same author

Neonatal Conjugated Hyperbilirubinemia: Clinical Profile, Etiology, and Predictors of Adverse Outcomes in a NICU of a Tertiary Care Center.

Cureus·2026
Same author

False positive autoimmune markers and elevated immunoglobulin G in genetically confirmed Wilson disease.

Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition·2026
Same author

Efficacy and safety of post-Kasai steroid-based protocol in biliary atresia.

Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition·2026
Same author

Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonist and Its Combinations in Heart Failure.

The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India·2026
Same journal

Lessons from extended induction and practical evidence for improving tofacitinib therapy in ulcerative colitis.

World journal of gastroenterology·2026
Same journal

Small animal <i>ex vivo</i> machine perfusion of the liver: A comprehensive literature review.

World journal of gastroenterology·2026
Same journal

Comparable remission and health care use in real-world inflammatory bowel disease patients initiating originator biologics <i>vs</i> biosimilars.

World journal of gastroenterology·2026
Same journal

Diagnosis and management of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis in patients with chronic hepatitis B infection.

World journal of gastroenterology·2026
Same journal

Simultaneous treatment of concomitant achalasia coexisting with epiphrenic diverticulum: The practice of submucosal tunneling technique.

World journal of gastroenterology·2026
Same journal

Lianhe Xiaozhi ointment ameliorates metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease <i>via</i> peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha pathway activation.

World journal of gastroenterology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 4, 2026

A "Patient-Like" Orthotopic Syngeneic Mouse Model of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Metastasis
05:06

A "Patient-Like" Orthotopic Syngeneic Mouse Model of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Metastasis

Published on: October 24, 2015

12.9K

Pediatric hepatocellular carcinoma.

Rajeev Khanna1, Sanjeev Kumar Verma2

  • 1Department of Pediatric Hepatology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi 110070, India. drrajeev_khanna@rediffmail.com.

World Journal of Gastroenterology
|September 27, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pediatric hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a rare childhood liver cancer, is linked to specific genetic and viral factors. Early detection through surveillance and surgical removal offer the best outcomes for affected children.

Keywords:
ChildrenHepatocellular carcinomaLiver transplantationOutcomeRisk-factors

More Related Videos

Transradial Access Chemoembolization for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients
05:31

Transradial Access Chemoembolization for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients

Published on: September 20, 2020

6.2K
Generation of Subcutaneous and Intrahepatic Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Xenografts in Immunodeficient Mice
10:35

Generation of Subcutaneous and Intrahepatic Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Xenografts in Immunodeficient Mice

Published on: September 25, 2013

37.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 4, 2026

A "Patient-Like" Orthotopic Syngeneic Mouse Model of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Metastasis
05:06

A "Patient-Like" Orthotopic Syngeneic Mouse Model of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Metastasis

Published on: October 24, 2015

12.9K
Transradial Access Chemoembolization for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients
05:31

Transradial Access Chemoembolization for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients

Published on: September 20, 2020

6.2K
Generation of Subcutaneous and Intrahepatic Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Xenografts in Immunodeficient Mice
10:35

Generation of Subcutaneous and Intrahepatic Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Xenografts in Immunodeficient Mice

Published on: September 25, 2013

37.2K

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Oncology
  • Hepatology
  • Hepatocellular Carcinoma Research

Background:

  • Pediatric hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second most frequent malignant liver tumor in children, distinct from adult HCC due to differing predisposing factors and lower cirrhosis rates.
  • Key predisposing factors include perinatal hepatitis-B virus infection, tyrosinemia, progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis, glycogen storage disease, Alagille's syndrome, and congenital portosystemic shunts.
  • The majority of pediatric HCC cases (87%) occur in children over five years old.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the current understanding of pediatric hepatocellular carcinoma, including its epidemiology, predisposing factors, and management strategies.
  • To highlight the impact of hepatitis-B immunization on pediatric HCC incidence.
  • To discuss the role of surgical intervention and surveillance in improving outcomes for children with HCC.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on pediatric hepatocellular carcinoma.
  • Analysis of epidemiological trends, particularly the impact of hepatitis-B vaccination.
  • Evaluation of current management approaches, including surgical resection, liver transplantation, and chemotherapy.

Main Results:

  • Mass immunization against hepatitis-B has significantly reduced pediatric HCC incidence in the Asia-Pacific region.
  • Complete surgical removal (resection or liver transplantation) is the primary management strategy.
  • Chemotherapy shows limited efficacy but may aid in down-staging advanced cases.
  • Improving survival trends are noted for children transplanted for HCC beyond established criteria.

Conclusions:

  • Surgical intervention, particularly liver transplantation, remains the cornerstone of pediatric HCC treatment.
  • Surveillance using ultrasound and alpha-fetoprotein in children with chronic liver diseases can facilitate early detection and improve outcomes.
  • Further research into effective chemotherapeutic strategies and understanding of unique pediatric HCC biology is warranted.