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Updated: Feb 4, 2026

Quantification of Heavy Metals and Other Inorganic Contaminants on the Productivity of Microalgae
Published on: July 10, 2015
Two-dimensional nanomaterial based sensors for heavy metal ions
Xiaorong Gan1, Huimin Zhao2, Romana Schirhagl3
1Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, China.
Abstract:
Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials are promising building blocks for sensors due to their unique physical, chemical, electronic, and optical properties. This review (with 253 references) first summarizes the historical developments of 2D nanomaterials and discusses the advantages of 2D nanomaterials when applied for constructing sensors. Next, their properties are discussed, with subsections on electronic, optical, mechanical and chemical properties. This is followed by an overview on methods for syntheses and the effects of positive and/or negative charges on the properties and in sensing applications. Then, recent advances in 2D nanomaterial-based electrochemical, fluorometric, colorimetric, electrochemiluminescent, photoelectrochemical, and field-effect transistor sensors are discussed. The discussion also includes the preparation of sensing elements, the roles of such nanomaterials, and assay strategies. Finally, on the basis of the current achievements in the field of 2D nanomaterials, the perspectives on the challenges and opportunities for the exploration of 2D nanomaterial-based sensors are put forward. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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