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Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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Murine Fetal Echocardiography
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Murine Fetal Echocardiography

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Fetal programming and Wilms tumor.

Julia E Heck1,2, Di He1, Carla Janzen3

  • 1Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, California.

Pediatric Blood & Cancer
|September 27, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Fetal programming may influence Wilms tumor risk. This study found smaller placentas and lower placenta-to-birthweight ratios are associated with Wilms tumor, alongside high birthweight.

Keywords:
birthweightbody sizefetal developmentnephroblastomaplacenta

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Area of Science:

  • Perinatal epidemiology
  • Pediatric oncology
  • Developmental biology

Background:

  • The fetal programming hypothesis links in-utero environment to adult disease, but its role in Wilms tumor is understudied.
  • While high birthweight is linked to Wilms tumor, other fetal growth metrics like placental size are less explored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between fetal growth metrics (placental size, birth length, ponderal index) and Wilms tumor risk.
  • To examine the relationship between placental characteristics and Wilms tumor, considering birthweight and congenital anomalies.

Main Methods:

  • A case-control study involving 217 Wilms tumor cases and 4,340 matched controls from Danish health registries.
  • Data linkage provided information on gestational factors, fetal growth measurements, and maternal/child health conditions.

Main Results:

  • Wilms tumor cases exhibited smaller placentas (OR=4.24) and lower placenta-to-birthweight ratios (OR=1.81).
  • Small placentas were more prevalent in Wilms tumor cases without congenital anomalies (OR=6.43).
  • Increased Wilms tumor risk was associated with high birthweight (>4000g), longer birth length (≥55cm), and being large for gestational age.

Conclusions:

  • Findings support associations between Wilms tumor and high birthweight.
  • This study suggests a novel association between decreased placental size, low placenta-to-birthweight ratio, and Wilms tumor risk.