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Angiogenic Imbalance as a Contributor of Preeclampsia
Weronika Dymara-Konopka1, Marzena Laskowska1, Anna Błażewicz2
1Department of Obstetrics and Perinatology, Medical University of Lublin, Poland, 20-950 Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, Poland.
Insights
Preeclampsia, a serious pregnancy condition, involves imbalances in angiogenic factors. Understanding these biomarkers offers promising future clinical management strategies for maternal and fetal health.
Area of Science:
- Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine
- Cardiovascular Biology
Background:
- Preeclampsia affects 3-6% of pregnancies, causing significant maternal and fetal morbidity/mortality.
- Its exact cause is unknown, but placental antiangiogenic factors are implicated.
- Key molecules include excess soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt-1) and soluble endoglin (sEng), and deficient placental growth factor (PlGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A).
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current knowledge on angiogenic biomarkers in preeclampsia.
- To analyze the predictive, diagnostic, and therapeutic potential of these biomarkers.
- To discuss the background and future clinical applications of circulating angiogenic factors.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of recent studies on preeclampsia pathogenesis.
- Analysis of the role of specific pro- and antiangiogenic molecules.
- Evaluation of biomarker utility in clinical settings.
Main Results:
- Imbalances in sFlt-1, sEng, PlGF, and VEGF-A are central to preeclampsia.
- These biomarkers show potential for prediction, diagnosis, and therapy.
- Circulating angiogenic factors offer promising avenues for managing preeclampsia.
Conclusions:
- Angiogenic biomarkers are crucial in understanding and potentially managing preeclampsia.
- Further research and accessible diagnostic tools are needed, especially for developing countries.
Abstract:
Preeclampsia is one of the most serious pregnancy - specific medical conditions affecting 3- 6% of all gestations. It remains a leading cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. The aetiology of preeclampsia is not fully elucidated yet, although a huge progress has been made in its understanding within the last decade. Numerous studies have provided compelling evidence that an excess of some antiangiogenic molecules released by the placenta to maternal circulation, in particular soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt-1) and soluble endoglin (sEng) and decreased levels of proangiogenic substances like placental growth factor (PlGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) play a key role in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. In this review, we report recent knowledge about possible predictive, diagnostic and therapeutic roles of these pro- and antiangiogenic biomarkers as well as analyzed the background of their use in these fields. Discoveries in the area of circulating factors of angiogenesis are exciting and give promising perspectives for future clinical management of preeclampsia. Currently, it can be difficult, especially in developing countries due to high cost of such studies.
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