Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis of Bilateral Mastoid Cavity

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare disease, which may involve various organ systems; therefore, it has multiple clinical manifestations.

We present the case of a 56-year-old woman admitted to Amerikan Hospital Ear-Nose and Throat outpatient clinic with a complaint of progressive hearing loss in both ears, which had started 10 years ago. She was treated with corticosteroids for 10 years until last year, 2017. Surgical exploration was performed and histologic evaluation revealed LCH.

LCH has clinical manifestations depending on the site of infiltration. In adults, isolated bilateral mastoid infiltration, as an initial symptom, is a very rare condition. With corticosteroid uptake, the period of initial symptom was 10 years in our patient, which is, as per our knowledge, the longest reported in literature. This infiltration may mimic acute or chronic infections of the ear. Therefore, LCH should be considered in the differential diagnose of patients who present with bilateral mastoid cavity disease.