Patterns of Altered Corneal Sensation in Patients With Chronic Migraine

Migraine is a central sensitization disease characterized by recurrent unilateral headache. The aim of this study was to evaluate corneal sensitivity and associated findings in patients with migraine.

In this study, we included 58 patients with migraine (52 female and 6 male, mean age: 32.98±8.51 years) and 30 healthy control subjects (27 females and 3 males, mean age: 35.29±8.00 years). Only patients who did not have any eye disease were included in this study. Corneal sensation was evaluated with Cochet-Bonnet esthesiometer in five different regions of the cornea.

There was no significant difference between the groups for age, sex, and visual acuity. Increased mean sensitivity of the nasal cornea in the patients with migraine was found (55.0 vs. 53.75 mm, P=0.020). There was no significant difference in mean sensitivity for central (57.5 vs. 55 mm, P=0.163), temporal (57.5 vs. 55 mm, P=0.066), superior (52.5 vs. 52.5 mm, P=0.551), and inferior cornea (48.75 vs. 47.5 mm, P=0.818), or mean overall sensation (54.0 vs. 52.75, P=0.14), although there was a trend toward increased sensitivity in the patients with migraine. Among the subgroup of patients with unilateral migraine, mean overall sensation (54.0 vs. 53.0 mm, P=0.049) and temporal sensation (57.5 vs. 55.0 mm, P=0.043) were increased on the affected side.

In this study, we have demonstrated that patients with migraine have increased corneal sensation, especially in the cornea of the affected side. This finding supports the idea that corneal sensation is altered in patients with migraine.