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Related Concept Videos

Hindsight Biases01:12

Hindsight Biases

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Hindsight bias leads you to believe that the event you just experienced was predictable, even though it really wasn’t. In other words, you knew all along that things would turn out the way they did. Can you relate this to the phrase "Hindsight is 20/20" now? 
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During meiosis, chromosomes occasionally separate improperly. This occurs due to failure of homologous chromosome separation during meiosis I or failed sister chromatid separation during meiosis II. In some species, notably plants, nondisjunction can result in an organism with an entire additional set of chromosomes, which is called polyploidy. In humans, nondisjunction can occur during male or female gametogenesis and the resulting gametes possess one too many or one too few chromosomes.
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An organism’s genome needs to be duplicated in an efficient and error-free manner for its growth and survival. The replication fork is a Y-shaped active region where two strands of DNA are separated and replicated continuously. The coupling of DNA unzipping and complementary strand synthesis is a characteristic feature of a replication fork.   Organisms with small circular DNA, such as E. coli, often have a single origin of replication; therefore, they have only two replication...
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Today, scientists agree that good research is ethical in nature and is guided by a basic respect for human dignity and safety. However, this has not always been the case. Modern researchers must demonstrate that the research they perform is ethically sound.
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What Has Happened to Hysteria?

Phebe Cramer1

  • 1Department of Psychology, Williams College, Williamstown, Massachusetts.

The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease
|September 27, 2018
PubMed
Summary

This article explores the historical diagnosis of hysteria, from its 17th-century origins through its inclusion in the Diagnostic Statistical Manual (DSM) across five editions. It examines various hysteria types, causal theories, and summarizes relevant research.

Area of Science:

  • Medical History
  • Psychiatry
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Hysteria diagnosis has evolved significantly since the 17th century.
  • The concept of hysteria has been present in multiple editions of the Diagnostic Statistical Manual (DSM).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To trace the historical trajectory of hysteria diagnosis.
  • To analyze different classifications and proposed causes of hysteria.
  • To summarize contemporary research on hysteria.

Main Methods:

  • Historical literature review.
  • Analysis of diagnostic criteria across DSM editions.
  • Synthesis of research findings.

Main Results:

  • Hysteria's definition and understanding have changed over centuries.

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  • Multiple subtypes and etiological explanations for hysteria have been proposed.
  • Research continues to investigate the phenomena historically labeled as hysteria.

    • Conclusions:

    • The diagnosis of hysteria reflects evolving medical and psychiatric paradigms.
    • Understanding its history is crucial for contemporary psychiatric nosology.
    • Further research is needed to clarify the underlying mechanisms of conditions historically associated with hysteria.