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Related Concept Videos

The Synapse02:47

The Synapse

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Neurons communicate with one another by passing on their electrical signals to other neurons. A synapse is the location where two neurons meet to exchange signals. At the synapse, the neuron that sends the signal is called the presynaptic cell, while the neuron that receives the message is called the postsynaptic cell. Note that most neurons can be both presynaptic and postsynaptic, as they both transmit and receive information.
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Electrical Synapses01:28

Electrical Synapses

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Electrical synapses found in all nervous systems play important and unique roles. In these synapses, the presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes are very close together (3.5 nm) and are actually physically connected by channel proteins forming gap junctions.
Gap junctions allow the current to pass directly from one cell to the next. In contrast, in the chemical synapse, the neurotransmitters carry the information through the synaptic cleft from one neuron to the next. They consist of two...
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Chemical Synapses01:26

Chemical Synapses

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Chemical synapses are specialized sites between two neurons or between a neuron and a non-neuronal cell like a muscle, glandular or sensory cell.
Because chemical synapses depend on the release of neurotransmitter molecules from synaptic vesicles to pass on their signal, there is an approximately one millisecond delay between when the axon potential reaches the presynaptic terminal and when the neurotransmitter leads to opening of postsynaptic ion channels. Additionally, this signaling is...
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Chemical Synapses01:26

Chemical Synapses

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Chemical synapses are specialized sites between two neurons or between a neuron and a non-neuronal cell like a muscle, glandular or sensory cell.
Because chemical synapses depend on the release of neurotransmitter molecules from synaptic vesicles to pass on their signal, there is an approximately one millisecond delay between when the axon potential reaches the presynaptic terminal and when the neurotransmitter leads to opening of postsynaptic ion channels. Additionally, this signaling is...
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Overview of Synapses01:25

Overview of Synapses

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A synapse is a specialized structure where two neurons connect, allowing them to pass an electrical or chemical signal to another neuron. It is the point of communication between neurons. The term "synapse" is derived from the Greek word "synapsis," which means "conjunction." The entire process of neural communication revolves around the synapse. When activated, a neuron releases chemicals known as neurotransmitters into the synapse. These neurotransmitters cross the synapse and bind to...
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Natural and Artificial Concepts01:24

Natural and Artificial Concepts

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In psychology, concepts can be divided into two categories: natural and artificial. Natural concepts are formed through direct or indirect experiences. For example, consider the concept of snow. If you live in a place with regular snowfall, such as Essex Junction, Vermont, you know snow through direct experiences. You’ve seen it fall, touched it, shoveled it, and played in it. You recognize its texture, appearance, and even its smell. In contrast, if you live on an island like Saint...
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Quantifying Synapses: an Immunocytochemistry-based Assay to Quantify Synapse Number
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Artificial synapses based on nanomaterials.

Yihang Chen1,2, Haiyang Yu1,2, Jiangdong Gong1,2

  • 1Institute of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology, Nankai University, No. 38 Tongyan Road, Haihe Education Park, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China.

Nanotechnology
|September 27, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Artificial synapses mimic brain functions for advanced computing. This review explores nanomaterials (NMs) for creating state-of-the-art artificial synapses, highlighting their potential in neuromorphic systems.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuromorphic Engineering
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Artificial synapses are key components in neuromorphic systems, aiming to replicate biological synaptic functions for brain-like computation.
  • These systems offer an alternative to traditional von Neumann architectures, enabling autonomous learning.
  • Various materials have been explored to achieve the diverse functionalities of biological synapses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the development of artificial synapses.
  • To discuss the current state-of-the-art artificial synapses utilizing nanomaterials (NMs).

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on artificial synapses.
  • Focus on the application of one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials.

Main Results:

  • Nanomaterials, owing to their unique size and thickness, demonstrate significant potential for artificial synapse development.
  • 1D NMs leverage their feature size, while 2D NMs utilize their molecular-level thickness.
  • These properties are crucial for emulating biological synaptic plasticity and function.

Conclusions:

  • Nanomaterials are highly promising for advancing artificial synapse technology.
  • The unique properties of 1D and 2D NMs are critical for achieving efficient neuromorphic computing.
  • Further research into NM-based artificial synapses will drive progress in brain-inspired computing.