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Screening for gestational diabetes mellitus: a Caribbean perspective.

Bharat Bassaw1, Horace Fletcher2, Carole Rattray2

  • 1a Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of the West Indies , Trinidad and Tobago.

Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology : the Journal of the Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
|September 28, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Screening for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is crucial for identifying high-risk pregnancies and preventing adverse outcomes. Universal screening using the two-step method is recommended, particularly in low-resource settings like the Caribbean.

Keywords:
Screeningdiagnosisgestational diabetesoutcome based research

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Endocrinology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is glucose intolerance identified during pregnancy.
  • The World Health Organization (WHO) updated definitions in 2015 to distinguish pre-existing diabetes (diabetes in pregnancy, DIP) from GDM.
  • Accurate diagnosis is vital for identifying pregnancies at risk of adverse perinatal outcomes and long-term maternal and offspring sequelae.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the prevalence, risk factors, and diagnostic methods for GDM.
  • To evaluate the benefits of GDM screening with supporting evidence.
  • To provide recommendations for GDM screening strategies, especially in resource-limited regions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on gestational diabetes mellitus.
  • Analysis of prevalence, risk factors, diagnostic criteria, and screening benefits.
  • Synthesis of evidence to formulate screening recommendations.

Main Results:

  • Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) poses risks to both mother and fetus.
  • Effective screening and diagnosis are essential for mitigating these risks.
  • Evidence supports the benefits of GDM screening.

Conclusions:

  • Universal screening for GDM is recommended.
  • The two-step screening method is advised for widespread adoption.
  • Special emphasis is placed on implementing universal screening in low-resourced countries, such as those in the Caribbean.