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Related Concept Videos

Mesenchymal Stem Cells01:19

Mesenchymal Stem Cells

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Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can differentiate into most connective tissue cell types, except for hematopoietic cells, depending upon the source of MSCs. For example, bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) can differentiate into osteocytes, hepatocytes, and pancreatic and neuronal cells. MSCs can be isolated from various sources such as bone marrow, placenta, adipose tissue, teeth, and Wharton’s jelly, a gelatinous substance in the umbilical cord. The ease of their...
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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously...
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:58

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
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Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
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Aging01:26

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Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
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Exploring the Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Sheet on The Development of Hepatocellular Carcinoma In Vivo
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Osteogenesis and aging: lessons from mesenchymal stem cells.

Arantza Infante1, Clara I Rodríguez2

  • 1Stem Cells and Cell Therapy Laboratory, BioCruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Cruces University Hospital, 48903, Barakaldo, Spain.

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|September 28, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Aging bone marrow stem cells shift towards fat production, worsening osteoporosis. This review explores the molecular changes causing this stem cell dysfunction with age, increasing fracture risk.

Keywords:
AgingDifferentiation shiftMesenchymal stem cellsOsteogenesis

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Cellular Biology
  • Bone Biology

Background:

  • Osteoporosis is a progressive bone disease, increasing fracture risk, particularly in older adults.
  • Aging leads to a shift in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), favoring fat cell (adipocyte) differentiation over bone-forming cell (osteoblast) differentiation.
  • This MSC differentiation imbalance contributes significantly to age-related bone loss and osteoporosis development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent molecular mechanisms underlying the impaired function of mesenchymal stem cells during aging.
  • To elucidate how MSCs lose their osteogenic potential and gain adipogenic potential with age.
  • To highlight key molecular findings driving the age-related shift in MSC differentiation relevant to osteoporosis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on recent molecular and cellular studies.
  • Analysis of research on mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) differentiation pathways.
  • Synthesis of findings related to aging, bone marrow niche, osteogenesis, and adipogenesis.

Main Results:

  • Aging MSCs exhibit a molecular profile that promotes adipogenesis.
  • Key signaling pathways and transcription factors are altered in aging MSCs, suppressing osteogenesis.
  • The bone marrow microenvironment in aged individuals may also contribute to MSC dysfunction.

Conclusions:

  • Molecular alterations in aging MSCs are a critical factor in osteoporosis pathogenesis.
  • Targeting these age-related molecular changes in MSCs may offer therapeutic strategies for osteoporosis.
  • Understanding MSC functional impairment in aging is crucial for developing effective osteoporosis treatments.