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Carnivores' Teeth: Inorganic Materials in Action
1Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, BPR 1096, Mattenstrasse 24a, CH-4058 Basel;,
Chimia
|September 28, 2018
Summary
Carnivore teeth gain strength from carbonate ions replacing parts of hydroxyapatite. This modification in dental enamel and dentine helps them withstand the forces of consuming prey.
Area of Science:
- Biomineralization
- Paleontology
- Dental Anatomy
Background:
- Hydroxyapatite is the primary mineral component of teeth and bones.
- Dental tissues must withstand significant mechanical stress, especially in carnivores.
- The composition of dental tissues influences their mechanical properties.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the role of carbonate ions in the structural properties of carnivore dental enamel and dentine.
- To understand how specific ion substitutions in hydroxyapatite contribute to dental resilience.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of the mineral composition of fossil and extant carnivore teeth.
- Microstructural examination of dental tissues.
- Mechanical testing to assess the strength and toughness of modified hydroxyapatite.
Main Results:
- Carbonate ions substitute for hydroxy or phosphate ions within the hydroxyapatite crystal lattice.
- This substitution alters the crystal structure and mechanical properties of dental enamel and dentine.
- The modified biomineral provides enhanced resistance to fracture and wear.
Conclusions:
- Carbonate substitution in hydroxyapatite is a key adaptation in carnivore dentition.
- This biomolecular modification enables carnivores to effectively process prey with high mechanical demands.
- Understanding these adaptations provides insights into evolutionary biology and material science.