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Selection, drift, and introgression shape MHC polymorphism in lizards.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Positive selection broadly shapes major histocompatibility complex (MHC) diversity in green lizards. Introgression enhances diversity in mainland populations, while drift reduces it on islands, yet selection maintains functional diversity.

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Population genetics
  • Immunogenetics

Background:

  • The Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) is crucial for adaptive genetic diversity in wild populations.
  • Pathogen-mediated selection is a primary driver of MHC diversity, but its role in complex biogeographical settings is debated.
  • Other factors like genetic drift and introgression can also influence MHC evolution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the evolutionary forces (selection, drift, introgression) shaping MHC diversity in two related green lizard species.
  • To compare MHC diversity across populations with different biogeographical structures (mainland vs. island).
  • To understand the relative importance of different evolutionary processes in diverse environments.

Main Methods:

  • Characterization of MHC class I exon 2 and exon 3 sequences.
  • Analysis of neutral genetic diversity using microsatellites.
  • Comparative analysis of MHC diversity in Lacerta trilineata and L. viridis populations.

Main Results:

  • Positive selection significantly drives high MHC diversity in both lizard species.
  • Introgression increased MHC diversity in mainland populations, primarily from L. viridis to L. trilineata.
  • Island populations showed reduced MHC allele numbers but retained sequence and functional diversity, indicating selection counteracting drift.

Conclusions:

  • Evolutionary processes governing MHC diversity vary with biogeographical context.
  • Positive selection is a consistent force, while introgression impacts mainland populations and drift affects island populations.
  • MHC diversity is maintained by a balance of selection, introgression, and drift depending on population structure.