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Visualizing Lymph Node Structure and Cellular Localization using Ex-Vivo Confocal Microscopy
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Tertiary Lymphoid Structures: Autoimmunity Goes Local

Elena Pipi1,2, Saba Nayar1, David H Gardner1

  • 1Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.

Frontiers in Immunology
|September 28, 2018
PubMed

Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) are frequently observed in target organs of autoimmune diseases. TLS present features of secondary lymphoid organs such as segregated T and B cell zones, presence of follicular dendritic cell networks, high endothelial venules and specialized lymphoid fibroblasts and display the mechanisms to support local adaptive immune responses toward locally displayed antigens. TLS detection in the tissue is often associated with poor prognosis of disease, auto-antibody production and malignancy development. This review focuses on the contribution of TLS toward the persistence of the inflammatory drive, the survival of autoreactive lymphocyte clones and post-translational modifications, responsible for the pathogenicity of locally formed autoantibodies, during autoimmune disease development.

Keywords:
B-cellsautoantibodiesgerminal center responseglycosylationtertiary lymphoid structures (TLS)

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