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Risk factors associated with frontal fibrosing alopecia: a multicentre case-control study.

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Frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA) is linked to hormonal factors like pregnancy and hormone replacement therapy, as well as environmental exposures such as facial sunscreens. Further research is needed to understand the exact mechanisms involved in FFA development.

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Trichology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA) is a progressive scarring alopecia with increasing prevalence.
  • The etiology of FFA remains largely unknown, prompting investigation into potential contributing factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate potential environmental and hormonal factors associated with the development of frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA).

Main Methods:

  • A multicenter case-control study involving 664 women and 106 men was conducted.
  • Participants completed a detailed questionnaire on exposures at least five years prior to disease onset, including pharmacological, environmental, hormonal, and lifestyle factors.

Main Results:

  • In women, FFA was associated with a history of pregnancy, use of facial sunscreen, hormone replacement therapy (HRT), exposure to alkylphenolic compounds, and comorbidities like rosacea, lichen planus pigmentosus (LPP), and hypothyroidism.
  • In men, FFA showed statistical associations with the use of facial sunscreens and anti-aging creams.

Conclusions:

  • Frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA) appears to be associated with hormonal influences, certain comorbidities, and specific environmental exposures.
  • Further investigation is warranted to elucidate the precise mechanisms by which these environmental factors contribute to FFA pathogenesis.