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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 4, 2026

Improving Strength, Power, Muscle Aerobic Capacity, and Glucose Tolerance through Short-term Progressive Strength Training Among Elderly People
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Building strength, endurance, and mobility using an astaxanthin formulation with functional training in elderly.

Sophia Z Liu1, Amir S Ali1, Matthew D Campbell1

  • 1Translational Center for Metabolic Imaging Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.

Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle
|September 28, 2018
PubMed
Summary

A natural supplement formulation (AX) containing astaxanthin, tocotrienol, and zinc, combined with exercise, significantly enhanced muscle strength and endurance in elderly individuals. This combination improved muscle size and functional mobility, offering a promising approach for healthy aging.

Keywords:
DynapeniaFatigueInterval trainingSarcopeniaSkeletal muscle

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Exercise Physiology
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Exercise training in the elderly faces challenges in improving muscle strength and endurance.
  • Dietary supplements with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties show potential for enhancing muscle adaptation.
  • A specific formulation (AX) combining astaxanthin, tocotrienol, and zinc was investigated for its effects on elderly muscle health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of a natural product formulation (AX) combined with exercise in improving muscle adaptation in the elderly.
  • To assess the impact of AX supplementation on muscle strength, size, endurance, and mobility in older adults.
  • To determine if AX enhances the benefits of exercise training in elderly individuals.

Main Methods:

  • A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted with elderly subjects aged 65-82 years.
  • Participants received a daily oral dose of AX or a placebo for 4 months, followed by 3 months of interval walking exercise.
  • Muscle strength (maximal voluntary force, MVC) and muscle size (cross-sectional area, CSA) were measured using functional tests and MRI.

Main Results:

  • Exercise training alone increased endurance (exercise time >50%) and walking distance (>8%) in both AX and placebo groups.
  • The AX formulation significantly increased MVC by 14.4%, CSA by 2.7%, and specific force by 11.6% (P<0.05).
  • No significant changes in MVC, CSA, or specific force were observed in the placebo group.

Conclusions:

  • The AX formulation, when combined with exercise, significantly improved muscle strength and size in healthy elderly individuals.
  • This supplementation strategy enhanced the positive effects of exercise on endurance and walking distance.
  • The AX formulation offers a unique approach to improving muscle strength, endurance, and mobility in the elderly population.