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Related Concept Videos

Magnetic Fields01:27

Magnetic Fields

7.4K
A moving charge or a current creates a magnetic field in the surrounding space, in addition to its electric field. The magnetic field exerts a force on any other moving charge or current that is present in the field. Like an electric field, the magnetic field is also a vector field. At any position, the direction of the magnetic field is defined as the direction in which the north pole of a compass needle points.
A magnetic field is defined by the force that a charged particle experiences...
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Magnetic Field of a Solenoid01:18

Magnetic Field of a Solenoid

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A solenoid is a conducting wire coated with an insulating material, wound tightly in the form of a helical coil. The magnetic field due to a solenoid is the vector sum of the magnetic fields due to its individual turns. Therefore, for an ideal solenoid, the magnetic field within the solenoid is directly proportional to the number of turns per unit length and the current. Conversely, the magnetic field outside the solenoid is zero.
Consider a solenoid with 100 turns wrapped around a cylinder of...
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Magnetic Field Lines01:19

Magnetic Field Lines

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The representation of magnetic fields by magnetic field lines is very useful in visualizing the strength and direction of the magnetic field. Each of the magnetic field lines forms a closed loop. The field lines emerge from the north pole (N), loop around to the south pole (S), and continue through the bar magnet back to the north pole.
Magnetic field lines follow several hard-and-fast rules:
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Energy In A Magnetic Field01:24

Energy In A Magnetic Field

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If a magnetic field is sustained, there must be a current in a closed circuit or loop, implying some energy has been spent in creating the field. If this energy is not dissipated via the circuit's resistance, it is stored in the field.
Take an ideal inductor with zero resistance. Although it's practically impossible, assume that the coil's resistance is so small that it is practically negligible. The loss of the field's energy to dissipate thermal energy (or heat) is thus...
2.8K
Magnetic Field Of A Current Loop01:16

Magnetic Field Of A Current Loop

6.4K
Consider a circular loop with a radius a, that carries a current I. The magnetic field due to the current at an arbitrary point P along the axis of the loop can be calculated using the Biot-Savart law.
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Magnetic Field due to Moving Charges01:23

Magnetic Field due to Moving Charges

11.7K
A stationary charge creates and interacts with the electric field, while a moving charge creates a magnetic field.
Consider a point charge moving with a constant velocity. Like the electric field, the magnetic field at any point is directly proportional to the magnitude of the charge and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the source point and the field point. However, unlike the electric field, the magnetic field is always perpendicular to the plane containing the line...
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Measuring the Spin-Lattice Relaxation Magnetic Field Dependence of Hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate
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Imperfect magnetic field gradients in radial k-space encoding-Quantification, correction, and parameter dependency.

Amir Moussavi1,2, Susann Boretius1,2

  • 1Functional Imaging Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany.

Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
|September 28, 2018
PubMed
Summary

This study presents a fast method to correct echo shifts in radial MRI, improving image quality by addressing imperfections in gradient fields and magnetic fields. The technique enhances MRI diagnostics across various systems.

Keywords:
echo-shift quantificationeddy-currentgradient correctiongradient delaygradient imperfectionsradial encoding

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Area of Science:

  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
  • Medical Imaging Physics
  • Image Reconstruction

Background:

  • Radial MR data acquisition is sensitive to gradient field imperfections.
  • These imperfections cause echo shifts, leading to image artifacts and limiting widespread use.
  • Fast and robust methods are needed to quantify and correct these echo shifts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a method for detecting and correcting echo shifts in radial MRI.
  • To improve image quality by mitigating artifacts caused by gradient field and magnetic field inhomogeneities.
  • To enable robust radial MR data acquisition across different MRI systems.

Main Methods:

  • Echo shifts were quantified by analyzing echo maxima from opposing spokes.
  • Magnetic field inhomogeneities (δnB) and gradient imbalances (δnG) were determined.
  • Correction was achieved by adapting the read-dephasing gradient; implemented on various MR systems using 2D radial-FLASH.
  • Phantom and in vivo mouse data were acquired.

Main Results:

  • The method successfully detected and corrected echo shifts with sub-voxel accuracy (<1 data point).
  • Image quality was significantly improved both in vitro and in vivo.
  • The approach effectively separated gradient imbalance effects from magnetic inhomogeneity effects.
  • Observed echo shifts showed dependency on MR system-specific acquisition parameters like gradient strength and dwell time.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed method corrects echo shift-related artifacts independently of the MR system.
  • Acquiring 12 spokes with specific acquisition parameters enables robust correction.
  • This technique supports the reliable use of radial MR data acquisition.